Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

W: Professor Henderson, [1]could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research?

M: Well, the Center for Climate Research where I work [1]links the science of climate change to issues around economics and policy. Some of our research is to do with the likely impacts of climate change and all of the associated risks.

W: And how strong is the evidence that climate change is happening? That is really something we need to be worried about.

M: Well, most of the science of climate change, particularly that to do with global warming, is simply a fact. But other aspects of the science are less certain or at least more disputed. And so we're really talking about risk. [2]What the economics tells us is that it's probably cheaper to avoid climate change to avoid the risk than it has to deal with the likely consequences.

W: So what are we doing? What can we do about it?

M: Well, I would argue that we need to develop the science specifically to understand the likely impacts of climate change in different contexts. As I said, we need to understand the best ways of avoiding climate change and [3]this will involve a huge transition to low-carbon energy systems and the transition is a tremendous priority.And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale. From a political perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China and USA might sign up to a global agreement because at the moment we don't have that consensus.

W: Right.

M: [4]And we also need to plan ahead so that we're in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable and even more so too for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements.

女：亨德森教授，[1]您能简短地概述一下您的工作内容、工作地点及主要研究领域吗？

男：好的。[1]我所在的气候研究中心将气候变化科学与围绕经济学和政策的问题联系在一起。我们的一些研究涉及气候变化可能产生的影响以及所有相关风险。

女：那么有多么强有力的证据证明气候正在发生变化呢？这才是我们真正需要担心的问题。

男：嗯，气候变化科学的大部分内容，尤其是与全球变暖有关的内容，其实就是事实。但是其他方面还是不太确定，或者至少是更有争议的。因此我们实际上讨论的是风险问题。[2]经济学告诉我们的是，通过避免气候变化来规避风险要比处理（气候变化）可能造成的后果成本更低。

女：那么我们现在要做什么？我们能够做什么呢？

男：嗯，我认为我们要专门发展这门科学，了解在不同的环境下气候变化可能带来的影响。正如我所说的，我们需要掌握避免气候变化的最好方法，[3]这会涉及向低碳能源系统的巨大转变，而这个转变是目前的当务之急。要做到这一点，我们就要在全球范围内采取行动。从政治角度上来说，我们需要了解像中国和美国这样的大国可能会签署的全球协议条款，因为目前我们尚未达成共识。

女：确实如此。

男：[4]我们还需要提前计划，这样我们才有能力应对那些已经不可避免的气候变化。如果我们不签署那些全球协议，气候变化的程度甚至可能会更高。

1. A) It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.

B) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives.

C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.

D) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say about his main area of research?

A）它试图预测全球气候变化的可能趋势。

B）它研究全球气候变化对人类生活产生的影响。

C）它将气候变化科学与经济和政策问题联系在一起。

D）它关注各国为应对全球变暖所做出的努力。

问：对于自己的主要研究领域，亨德森教授是怎么说的？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以it开头。

2. 四项提到的内容均与气候变化相关。

结论：该题可能考查与it有关的内容。听音时首先要确定it所指代的对象，然后结合选项作出判断。

▶ 解析：对话中女士提问：“您能简短地概述一下您的工作内容、工作地点及主要研究领域吗？”接下来男士回答：“我所在的气候研究中心将气候变化科学与围绕经济学和政策的问题联系在一起。”因此C项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。

2. A) It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.

B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.

C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.

D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say about climate change?

A）需要花费很长时间才能就它的影响达成共识。

B）处理它带来的影响要比避免它成本高。

C）这是所有国家面临的最紧迫的问题。

D）这必然会引起各国无休止的争论。

问：关于气候变化，亨德森教授说了什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以it开头，均表示某种程度的消极意义。

2. 两项开头的it指代某种事物，两项提到its impact或its consequences。

结论：该题可能考查it的某种特性。听音时首先要确定it所指代的对象，然后结合选项作出判断。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“通过避免气候变化来规避风险要比处理（气候变化）可能造成的后果成本更低。”即：处理气候变化带来的后果要比避免气候变化的成本高，因此B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中只是提到大国关于签署气候协议的问题尚未达成共识，并没有提到达成共识所需的时间长短，故A项错误；C项是对“向低碳能源系统的转变是各国的当务之急”的曲解。D项在对话中未提及，故排除。

3. A) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.

B) The cooperation among world major powers.

C) The signing of a global agreement.

D) The raising of people's awareness.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say is a top priority in combating climate change?

A）向低碳能源系统的转变。

B）世界上大国之间的合作。

C）全球协议的签署。

D）人们思想意识的提高。

问：亨德森教授认为对抗气候变化的当务之急是什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均是名词词组，推测本题可能是以what提问。

2. 前三项提到的内容与全球发展或合作相关。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与全球发展或合作相关。听音时需留意与transition, cooperation, global agreement相关的语句。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“我们需要掌握避免气候变化的最好方法，这会涉及向低碳能源系统的巨大转变，而这个转变是目前的当务之急。”因此A项与对话内容相符，为正确答案。对话中提到要解决当务之急需要签署全球协议，因此C项是前提条件，故排除；B、D两项在对话中未提及，故排除。

4. A) Carry out more research on it.

B) Cut down energy consumption.

C) Plan well in advance.

D) Adopt new technology.

Q: What does Professor Henderson advise us to do to better deal with climate change?

A）进行更多的相关研究。

B）削减能源消耗。

C）提前做好计划。

D）使用新技术。

问：为了更好地应付气候变化，亨德森教授建议我们做什么？

▶ 听前预测：四项均以动词原形开头，可能考查某种行为或建议。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与某人提出的建议相关。听音时留意与research, energy consumption, plan in advance, new technology相关的语句。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“我们还需要提前计划，这样我们才有能力应对那些已经不可避免的气候变化。”因此C项与对话内容相符，为正确答案。A、B、D三项在对话中未提及，故排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: I have many business English students. [5]When I teach in the classroom, we often end up talking about things like success and what leads to success. And it's interesting that many of them mention the element of luck.

M: Right.

W: Luck is important to success. But since you've seen that fantastic video on the TED Talks website by Richard St. John, he doesn't mention luck at all.

M: Well, I'm a firm believer that people can make their own luck. I mean what people regard as luck, you can actually create, to a degree.

W: Sure. [6]I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way.

M: Yes, very good point.

W: [6]Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point in the video that you thought was particularly interesting?

M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me as many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful. [7]And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at something is not about having some natural talent. It's all about practice, practice, practice.

W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do.

M: Sure.

W: I thought one interesting thing in the video was the idea of passion being so important and that people who really love what they do. Of course you're going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. [8]And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, the money kind of comes automatically.

女：我有许多学商务英语的学生。[5]上课时，我们经常讨论诸如成功以及取得成功的要素等话题。有趣的是，很多学生都提到了运气因素。

男：确实。

女：运气对成功很重要。但是想必你已经看过TED演讲视频网站上理查德·圣约翰的那段绝妙的演讲视频，他根本没有提到运气。

男：嗯，我坚信人们可以使自己变得幸运。我的意思是说人们其实可以在一定程度上创造所谓的运气。

女：的确如此。[6]我想人们认为的运气很大程度上取决于你如何回应即将到来的机会。

男：是的，很好的观点。

女：[6]抓住机会。但是你认为视频里还有什么特别有趣的观点吗？

男：是的，的确有一些。有一些令我印象非常深刻，比如许多人认为，运气很重要，而且天赋是想要获得成功所必须具备的。[7]从视频内容我们可以看到，擅长做某事并不是因为有这方面的天赋，而是练习，练习，再练习。

女：确实如此。天赋在某种程度上有帮助。但是最终你确实还是需要努力工作，然后变得对自己所做的事情非常非常精通。

男：确实。

女：我认为视频所展现的有趣的一点是，激情很重要，人们要真正喜欢他们所做的事情。当然，你会想要更努力地工作，并为此投入时间和精力。[8]有意思的是，如果你喜欢你所做的事情，对此真正充满激情，并真正付诸努力，自然就会容易赚到钱了。

5. A) When luck plays a role.

B) What determines success.

C) Whether practice makes perfect.

D) How important natural talent is.

Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A）运气在何时起作用。

B）成功取决于什么。

C）是否熟能生巧。

D）天赋有多重要。

问：对话者主要讨论的是什么？

▶ 听前预测：四项均以特殊疑问词开头，信息点比较散，并且都具有概括性。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查对话的主题。听音时留意与luck, success, practice, talent相关的语句，并注意从整体把握对话的中心意思。

▶ 解析：对话中女士提到：“上课时，我们经常讨论诸如成功以及取得成功的要素等话题。”因此B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。A、C、D三项虽然在对话中也有提到，但是只是说话者提到的影响成功的要素，并不是对话的主题，故排除。

6. A) It knocks at your door only once in a while.

B) It is something that no one can possibly create.

C) It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence.

D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.

Q: What is the woman's view of luck?

A）它只是偶尔会降临到人们身上。

B）没有人可以创造它。

C）它来自于一个人天生的自信。

D）它意味着善于抓住机会。

问：女士对运气持什么观点？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以it开头。

2. 四项均描述it的某种特征。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与it的某个特征相关。听音时首先要确定it所指代的对象，听到问题后再结合选项作出判断。

▶ 解析：对话中女士先提到：“我想人们认为的运气很大程度上取决于你如何回应即将到来的机会。”后面又解释说“抓住机会”，因此可知，在女士看来，运气意味着抓住机会，D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。A项和C项在对话中未提及，故排除。男士说：“人们可以在一定程度上创造所谓的运气。”女士表示赞同，B项与对话内容正好相反，也可排除。

7. A) Luck rarely contributes to a person's success.

B) One must have natural talent to be successful.

C) One should always be ready to seize opportunities.

D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.

Q: What is the chief point the TED Talks video makes?

A）运气几乎不能帮助人们取得成功。

B）人们必须有天赋才能成功。

C）人们应该时刻准备抓住机会。

D）练习是变得擅长做某事的基本要素。

问：TED演讲视频的主要观点是什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均是陈述性语气。

2. 前两项提到了成功。

结论：该题可能考查某人对于成功的看法或观点。听音时要留意与态度或观点相关的描述，重点关注与选项内容相关的表达。

▶ 解析：男士在对话中提到：“从视频内容我们可以看到，擅长做某事并不是因为有这方面的天赋，而是练习，练习，再练习。”因此可得知，TED演讲视频中的主要观点是练习对擅长做某事起到重要的作用，D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。其余三项都不是视频中的观点，故均可排除。

8. A) Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.

B) People who love what they do care little about money.

C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.

D) People in need of money work hard automatically.

Q: What does the woman think is the funny thing in the TED Talks video?

A）在有趣的事情上付出时间和精力是有益的。

B）热爱自己工作的人很少在意金钱。

C）对工作保持热情可以让人变得富有。

D）需要金钱的人自然会努力工作。

问：女士认为TED演讲视频中有意思的事情是什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 两项以people开头，两项提到了与金钱有关的内容，两项提到了工作。

2. 三项均表示积极的观点（profitable, wealthy, work hard）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与人们的工作或财务状况相关，听音时应关注与选项重点词汇相关的内容。

▶ 解析：女士在对话中提到：“如果你喜欢你所做的事情，对此真正充满激情，并真正付诸努力，自然就会容易赚到钱了。”因此可知C项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

[9]Devil's Tower, the first national monument in America, could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree. Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit. Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock, looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place. In a sense, it was.

Devil's Tower is a relic of the past. When the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano, as the centuries passed, the rock cooled and hardened, shrinking and cracking into long columns. [10]Born in fire and fury, Devil's Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water. The outer layers of the volcano were worn away until the hard core stood completely exposed. [11]Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devil's Tower as being formed by supernatural powers. [12]The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help. The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the towering rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.

[9]魔鬼峰（丹佛塔、魔鬼塔）是美国第一个国家纪念物，几乎会被误认为一根巨大的木桩。陡峭的石壁从一个宽阔的基座向上延伸出来，直到在平坦的峰顶被突然切断。这个巨型的圆柱状岩石坐落在起伏平缓的怀俄明平原的中部，高达1000多英尺，看起来像是被从另一个时空扔到此处的。从某种意义上说，的确如此。

魔鬼峰是历史遗迹。地壳中的熔岩喷发到地表形成了火山口，几个世纪过去了，熔岩冷却凝结，回缩裂解成为长长的圆柱。[10]魔鬼峰诞生于炽热猛烈的天气之中，之后被风轻柔地吹拂，被水慢慢地冲刷，才得以形成。火山的外层不断被磨蚀，直到坚硬的内核完全裸露出来。[11]难怪印度的一个传说把魔鬼峰描述成是由超自然的力量造成的。[12]传说，七个女孩遭到几头熊的袭击，于是躲到一块小的岩石顶上避难，并请求石神的帮助。石神让岩石长高，把几个女孩举到远离地面的地方，而石壁被愤怒的熊用爪子挠得满是痕迹。根据这个传说，直到今天，在高耸的岩石上方仍然能看到那几个女孩，就像夜空中闪烁的七颗星星。

9. A) The stump of a giant tree.

B) A huge piece of rock.

C) The peak of a mountain.

D) A tall chimney.

Q: What does Devil's Tower look like?

A）一根巨大的木桩。

B）一块巨大的岩石。

C）一座山的顶峰。

D）一个高高的烟囱。

问：魔鬼峰看起来像什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都是名词短语。

2. 四项描述都含有表示“高”或“大”的词。

3. 三项与自然景观有关，一项与人类劳动的产物有关。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一处自然景观，可能是文章的某个细节，也可能是文章的主题。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（stump of a giant tree, huge piece of rock, peak of a mountain, chimney）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是魔鬼峰看起来像什么。文章开头提出，魔鬼峰是美国第一个国家纪念物，几乎被误认为一根巨大的木桩。也就是说魔鬼峰看上去就像根巨大的木桩，由此可以得出A项正确。魔鬼峰本身就是一块巨大的岩石，因此不能说它像岩石，故B不对；C项与D项在文中均未被提及，因此均可排除。

10. A) Human activity.

B) Wind and water.

C) Chemical processes.

D) Fire and fury.

Q: What caused the volcano's outer layer to wear away?

A）人类活动。

B）风和水。

C）化学过程。

D）火和猛烈的天气。

问：是什么导致火山外层被磨蚀了？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都是名词短语。

2. 两项与人类活动有关，两项为自然现象。

结论：本题可能以what开头提问，考查的内容可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主题。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（human activity, wind and water, chemical processes, fire and fury）。

▶ 解析：题目问是什么导致火山外层被磨蚀了。文章中间部分提到，魔鬼峰诞生于炽热猛烈的天气之中，之后被风轻柔地吹拂，被水慢慢地冲刷，才得以形成。火山的外层被不断磨蚀，直到坚硬的内核完全裸露出来。由此可知，是风和水的力量使得火山外层遭到磨蚀，故B项正确。D项是火山形成的原因，故不可选；火山外层是在自然力的作用下被磨蚀的，与人类活动无关，故A项和C项都不可选。

11. A) It is a historical monument.

B) It was built in ancient times.

C) It is Indians' sacred place for worship.

D) It was created by supernatural powers.

Q: What does an Indian legend say about Devil's Tower?

A）它是一座历史纪念碑。

B）它建于古代。

C）它是印度人朝拜的圣地。

D）它是由超自然力量创造出来的。

问：印度传说是如何讲述魔鬼峰的？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以it开头。

2. 两项描述的是“它”是什么，两项与“它”的来历有关。

结论：本题考查的内容与“它”有关，可能是问“它”是什么，可能考查“它”的来历，涉及文章的某个细节。听音时应重点判断“它”的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（historical monument, built in ancient times, Indians' sacred place for worship, created by supernatural powers）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是印度传说是如何讲述魔鬼峰的。文章中间部分提到：难怪印度的一个传说把魔鬼峰描述成是由超自然力量造成的。由此可以得出D项正确。其他三项都与印度传说无关，因此均排除。

12. A) By sheltering them in a cave.

B) By killing the attacking bears.

C) By lifting them well above the ground.

D) By taking them to the top of a mountain.

Q: How did the Rock God help the seven girls in the Indian legend?

A）把她们藏到一个山洞中。

B）把袭击她们的熊杀掉。

C）把她们举得高出地面。

D）把她们带到一座山的山顶。

问：在印度传说中石神是如何帮助那七个女孩的？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以by开头。

2. 四项描述的都是一种做法。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是某人的做法，涉及文章的某个细节。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（sheltering them in a cave, killing the attacking bears, lifting them well above the ground, taking them to the top of a mountain）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是在印度传说中石神是如何帮助那七个女孩的。文章最后提到了一个印度传说的内容，七个女孩遭到几头熊的袭击，于是躲到一块小的岩石顶上避难，并请求石神的帮助。石神让岩石长高，把几个女孩举到远离地面的地方。由此可以得出C项正确。其他三项均不是传说中石神的做法，因此均排除。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

It's no accident that most gas stations have convenience stores attached. [13]Few of us can fill up the tank without buying a few snacks, cigarettes, soft drinks or other items we can live without. “I deserve it.”That's what hard-working men and women say to justify their lavish vacations, big stereo systems or regular restaurant meals. They do deserve such indulgences. However, they also deserve a home of their own—a secure retirement and freedom from worrying about unpaid bills. No one should have to live with what a Texas mother described as constant stress, tension, even fear about money. [14]Sadly, the pleasure that comes from extravagances often disappears long before the bills do. The video camera that one single mother bought for a special occasion, for example, is not much fun now. She's figured out that it will take her another three years to pay it off at $30 a month. And the New Yorkers who spent a bundle on an outdoor hot tub now admit they rarely use it, “because we can't afford to heat it in winter.”The solution: set priorities—add up the annual cost of each item, then consider what else you could buy with the same money. That will help you decide which items are really worth it. [15]One Chicago woman, for example, discovered that daily lunches with coworkers cost her $2,000 a year. She decided to take lunch to work instead. “I now put $20 a week into my vacation fund and another 20 into retirement savings,”she says, “those mean more to me than lunch.”

大多数加油站都配有便利店，这并非偶然现象。[13]很少有人去加油时不买一些小吃、香烟、软饮料或者其他一些非生活必需品的。“这是我应得的。”这就是那些辛勤劳动的男男女女，为了使他们奢华的假期、大型音响设备或定期的外出就餐变得合理化所说的。他们确实需要这样放纵一下。然而，他们也应该拥有一个属于他们自己的家——一种有保障的退休生活 和无需为未付账单而发愁的自由。没有人必须要过如一位得克萨斯州的母亲所描述的那种为了金钱而长期紧张、充满压力，甚至恐惧的生活。[14]遗憾的是，挥霍放纵带来的快乐通常在账单付清之前很久就消失了。举例来说，一位单身母亲为了一个特殊场合买了一部摄像机，它在现在看来并不会带来那么多的乐趣了。她已经算好了，每个月还30美元的话，她需要花三年的时间才能把摄像机的钱付清。那些花了一大笔钱买了一个户外用的热浴盆的纽约人现在承认，他们很少使用它，“因为我们负担不起冬天时加热它的费用”。 解决办法是分清主次——把每一样东西一年的费用合计一下，然后考虑一下，用同样多的钱还可以买什么。那可以帮你决定哪些东西是真正值得买的。[15]比如，一位芝加哥的妇女发现她每天中午与同事一起吃饭，每年要花2000美元，于是她决定上班自带午饭。“现在我每个星期都有20美元存入假期基金，另外还有20美元存入退休储蓄账户，”她说，“这些对我来说比午餐可要重要多了。”

13. A) They will buy something from the convenience stores.

B) They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.

C) They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.

D) They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.

Q: What does the speaker say about drivers who stop at gas stations?

A）他们会从便利店买些东西。

B）他们会利用这个时间休息一会儿。

C）他们会让人洗车或提供汽车服务。

D）他们会买些纪念品或礼物。

问：关于在加油站停留的司机，讲话者说了些什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以they will开头。

2. 四项描述的都是they的动作。

3. 两项与买东西有关。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是某些人的具体做法，涉及文章的某个细节。听音时应首先判断they指代的对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（buy something, rest a while, have their vehicles washed or serviced, pick up some souvenirs or gift items）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是关于在加油站停留的司机，讲话者是如何说的。文章开头指出，很少有人去加油时不买一些非生活必需的小吃、软饮料或者其他日常用品。由此可以得出A项正确。其他三项在讲话中均未提及，因此排除。

14. A) They can bring only temporary pleasures.

B) They are meant for the extremely wealthy.

C) They should be done away with altogether.

D) They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.

Q: What does the speaker say about extravagances?

A）它们只能带来短暂的快乐。

B）它们主要针对极其富有的人。

C）它们应该被彻底废除。

D）它们最终可能使一个人破产。

问：关于挥霍放纵，讲话者说了些什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以they开头。

2. 三项描述的都是消极结果。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一个看法、一种观点或一个结论，可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应首先判断they指代的对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（temporary pleasures, extremely wealthy, be done away with altogether, drive one to bankruptcy）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是关于挥霍放纵，讲话者说了些什么。文章中提到，遗憾的是，挥霍放纵带来的快乐往往在账单付清之前很久就消失了。由此可知这种快乐是非常短暂的，因此A项正确。其他三项在讲话中均未被提及，因此均排除。

15. A) A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues.

B) Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting.

C) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.

D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life.

Q: What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?

A）良好的社交方式就是每天与同事一起吃午餐。

B）退休储蓄在一个人的家庭预算中应该排在第一位。

C）一个人如果每周存20美元，就可以负担度假费用了。

D）每天存一小笔钱就可以对一个人的生活产生很大的影响。

问：讲话者举芝加哥妇女的例子是想说明什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 三项均提到savings或save。

2. 两项描述的是存钱带来的积极结果。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一个看法、一种观点或一个结论，可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（have daily lunch with one's colleagues, retirement savings, a vacation will be affordable, small daily savings can make a big difference）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是讲话者举芝加哥妇女的例子是想说明什么。文章最后举了一个芝加哥妇女存钱的例子，她原来每天中午与同事一起吃饭，一年下来午饭钱要花费一大笔，后来她决定自带午饭。这样一来她每个星期都有一小笔钱存入假期基金，还有一小笔存入退休储蓄账户，而这样做将为她的生活带来积极的影响。由此可以得出D项正确。其他三项均是对这一事例的主观引申，与讲话者意图不符，因此均排除。

Section C

Recording One

听力原文&译文

Let's say you start to brainstorm a list of all the emotions you've ever experienced, just for fun. Try it now.

What's on your list? Chances are, you included things like: happy, sad, excited, angry, afraid, grateful, proud, scared, confused, stressed, relaxed and amazed. Now sort your list into two categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.

[16]Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human. We might use the word “negative”to describe more difficult emotions but it doesn't mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn't have them. Still, most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one. It's likely you'd prefer to feel happy instead of sad or confident instead of insecure.

What matters is how our emotions are balanced, how much of each type of emotion, positive or negative, we experience.

Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with. For example, fear can alert us to possible danger. It's a signal that we might need to protect ourselves. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes, crossing a boundary or violating our trust. Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf.

Negative emotions focus on our awareness. They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it. [17]But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted or stressed out. When negative emotions are out of balance, problems might seem too big to handle.

The more we dwell on negative emotions, the more negative we begin to feel. Focusing on negativity just keeps it going.

Positive emotions balance out negative ones, but they have other powerful benefits, too. [18]Instead of narrowing our focus, like negative emotions do, positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness, attention and memory. They help us take in more information, hold several ideas in mind at once and understand how different ideas relate to each other.

When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities, we are more able to learn and build on our skills. That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.

People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier, healthier, learn better and get along well with others.

比如说你开始头脑风暴，列举一下曾经体验过的所有情绪，只是为了好玩。现在就试试吧。

你想到了什么？你可能会列出这些情绪：快乐、悲伤、激动、生气、害怕、感激、得意、恐惧、困惑、紧张、放松和惊讶。现在把这些情绪分为两类：积极情绪和消极情绪。

[16]身为人类自然会有积极情绪和消极情绪。我们可能会用“消极”这个词来描述较为难受的情绪，但这并不意味着那些情绪就是不好的或者我们不应该有那样的情绪。尽管如此，大多数人可能宁愿有积极情绪而非消极情绪。很可能你会更喜欢感到快乐而不是悲伤，或者更喜欢感到自信而非不安。

重要的是我们如何平衡自己的情绪，以及对于每一种情绪，无论是积极的还是消极的，我们体会过多少。

消极情绪告诫我们要警惕威胁或应对可能的挑战。例如，恐惧可以使我们意识到可能的危险。它是一种信号，即我们可能需要保护自己。愤怒的情绪向我们发出警告：某人正在激怒我们，做出越界的事或者破坏我们的信任。愤怒可以是一种信号：我们可能要为自己的利益而战。

消极情绪使我们的意识集中。这类情绪让我们将注意力集中在一个问题上，以便我们可以解决它。[17]但太多的消极情绪会使我们感到不知所措、焦虑、疲惫不堪或者压力重重。当消极情绪多于积极情绪时，问题可能看起来就太大而无法处理了。

我们在消极情绪上思考越多，就会开始感觉越来越消极。专注于消极情绪只会让其愈演愈烈。

积极情绪能调节消极情绪，但积极情绪也有其他强大的好处。[18]与消极情绪缩小我们的关注点不同，积极情绪通过增强我们的意识、提高我们的注意力和记忆力来影响我们的大脑活动。积极情绪帮助我们领会更多信息，使我们脑中同时冒出几种想法，并且明白不同的想法之间是如何相互关联的。

当积极情绪使我们面对新的发展可能时，我们更加有能力学习并培养自身的技能。那会让我们更好地完成工作和通过考验。

日常生活中拥有足够多积极情绪的人往往会更加快乐，更加健康，学习能力更强，也能与他人和睦相处。

16. A) They should be done away with.

B) They are necessary in our lives.

C) They enrich our experience.

D) They are harmful to health.

Q: What does the speaker say about negative emotions?

A）它们应当被去除。

B）它们必然会出现在我们的生活中。

C）它们丰富了我们的经历。

D）它们对健康是有害的。

问：关于消极情绪，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以they开头，且都是陈述性语气，听音时要注意听清they的指代对象。

2. 两项表达积极意义，两项表达消极意义，本题可能考查they的影响或作用。

▶ 解析：本题问关于消极情绪，讲话者说了什么。讲话开头部分提到：“身为人类自然会有积极情绪和消极情绪。”也就是说消极情绪必然会出现在人们的生活中，人不可能只有积极情绪或只有消极情绪。由此可知，答案选B。讲话中没有提及选项A和C。讲话中提到了消极情绪太多的话会对健康不利，D项与讲话内容有出入，也排除。

17. A) They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.

B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems.

C) They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles.

D) They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.

Q:　What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?

A）即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们也会感到压力重重。

B）他们感到不堪重负，以至于无法应对生活中的问题。

C）他们渴望摆脱生活中的麻烦。

D）即使没有做任何繁重的工作，他们也感到疲惫不堪。

问：那些消极情绪多于积极情绪的人身上会发生什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项均以they开头，由选项内容可知，they应该指的是某类人，在听音时要注意听清其指代对象。

2. 四项均描述的是they的消极情绪，本题可能考查消极情绪对they的影响。

▶ 解析：本题问消极情绪过多的人身上会发生什么。讲话内容中间部分提到：“但太多的消极情绪会使我们感到不知所措、焦虑、疲惫不堪或者压力重重。当消极情绪多于积极情绪时，问题可能看起来就太大而无法处理了。”选项B的说法与此处内容一致，其中overwhelmed属于原词复现。其余三项的说法均与原文不符。

18. A) They expand our mind.

B) They prolong our lives.

C) They narrow our focus.

D) They lessen our burdens.

Q: How do positive emotions affect us?

A）它们拓宽我们的思绪。

B）它们延长我们的寿命。

C）它们缩小我们的关注点。

D）它们减轻我们的负担。

问：积极情绪是如何影响我们的？

▶ 解题思路：四项还是都以they开头，且均表示积极意义，听音时要注意听清they的指代对象。

▶ 解析：本题问积极情绪如何影响我们。讲话最后部分对积极情绪进行了具体阐述，其中提到：“与消极情绪缩小我们的关注点不同，积极情绪通过增强我们的意识、提高我们的注意力和记忆力来影响我们的大脑活动。积极情绪帮助我们领会更多信息，使我们脑中同时冒出几种想法……”选项A是对此部分内容的概括总结。选项B和D文中没有提及，选项C是消极情绪对人们的影响，故均可排除。

Recording Two

听力原文&译文

In the past few months, I've been travelling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldn't find anything to wear. I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. [19]So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer. It just printed the pieces overnight. The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that I'm wearing right now.

So it wasn't the first time that I printed clothes. [20]For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.

I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I loved experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.

One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing — like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. [21]They were made from hard plastics and that's why they were very breakable. The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with. I mean the material you feed the printer with. [22]The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. It's strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word “freedom”embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else, for example, your name or your sweetheart's name.

So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.

在过去几个月里，我一直都是一次旅行数周，每次都只带一个行李箱的衣服。有一天，我受邀参加一个重要的活动，因此想穿件特别的衣服。我翻遍了整个行李箱却没有找到一件能穿的衣服。那时我有幸参加了一次科技大会并接触到了3D打印机。[19]因此我在电脑上快速设计了一条裙子，并将设计文件下载到了打印机上。一晚上的时间它只打印出了一些碎布。第二天早上，我只能在我的酒店房间里把所有的碎布拼接起来，实际上这也正是我现在穿的这条裙子。

其实这并不是我第一次打印衣服。[20]当我在时装设计学院进修高级时装设计专业时，我曾决定尝试在家使用3D技术打印一整套用于展出的时装。问题是我对3D打印技术几乎一无所知，而且我只有9个月的时间来想出如何打印出五种时装样式。

我在家办公时总会感觉创造力最强。我喜欢用新材料进行试验，总是尝试开发新技术，为我的时装项目制作出最独特的时尚织物。

一年暑假，我来到了纽约，在唐人街的一家时装店实习。我们用3D技术打印了两件惊艳的连衣裙。它们美得惊人——正如你们在这里所看到的这样。但我遇到了几个问题。[21]它们是用硬塑料做成的，这也是它们非常易碎的原因。模特们穿着它们根本没法坐下来，她们的胳膊甚至还会被下面的塑料刮伤。

所以，现在主要的挑战是找到合适的材料用来打印衣服。我指的是放入打印机中的材料。[22]当别人向我介绍了一种新型的打印材料Filaflex时，问题才有了进展。这种材料很结实，但也很有弹性。有了这种材料，我才能打印出第一件外衣，一件印有“自由”字样的红色夹克。事实上，你可以很容易地下载这件夹克的打印文件，然后把“自由”改成其他任何字，例如你的名字或者你爱人的名字。

所以我认为，未来用于打印的材料会逐步演变，而且会和我们今天所熟知的面料（如棉布或丝绸）有类似的外观和手感。

19. A) It is not easily breakable.

B) It came from a 3D printer.

C) It represents the latest style.

D) It was made by a fashion designer.

Q: What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?

A）它不易碎。

B）它是用3D打印机打印出来的。

C）它代表了最时新的样式。

D）它是由一位时装设计师制作的。

问：关于她现在穿着的裙子，讲话者说了些什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项均以it开头，且由其中的the latest style和made by a fashion designer可知，it可能指的是某件衣服。

▶ 解析：本题问关于她现在穿的裙子，讲话者说了什么。讲话者在一开始就提到，她为了参加一次重要的活动，专门用3D打印机打印了一件衣服，也就是她现在穿的连衣裙。故本题选B。其余三项均与原文不符。

20. A) When she had just graduated from her college.

B) When she attended a conference in New York.

C) When she was studying at a fashion design school.

D) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.

Q: When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?

A）当她刚刚大学毕业时。

B）当她在纽约参加会议时。

C）当她在时装设计学院学习时。

D）当她9个月前参加一场时装秀时。

问：讲话者什么时候开始试验3D打印的？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以when she开头，且描述的都是过去的事，两项与she的学习经历有关。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者开始试验3D打印的时间。讲话者提到，当她在时装设计学院进修高级时装设计专业时，曾决定尝试在家使用3D技术打印一整套时装。故选C。其余三项均与其所说的事实不符。

21. A) It was difficult to print.

B) It was hard to come by.

C) It was hard and breakable.

D) It was extremely expensive.

Q: What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?

A）它很难打印。

B）它很难获得。

C）它既硬又易碎。

D）它特别昂贵。

问：讲话者在纽约时装店使用的打印材料有什么问题？

▶ 解题思路：四项均以it开头，且描述的都是某种缺点，推测本题考查it的问题或缺点，应重点听清it的指代对象和描述其问题或缺点的内容。

▶ 解析：本题问纽约时装店的服装打印材料有什么问题。讲话者提到，她在纽约的一家服装店实习时用3D打印机打印了两件非常漂亮的连衣裙，但打印连衣裙的材料是硬塑料，很容易碎，故选C。

22. A) It is the latest model of a 3D printer.

B) It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.

C) It gives fashion designers room for imagination.

D) It marks a breakthrough in printing material.

Q: What does the speaker say about Filaflex?

A）它是最新型的3D打印机。

B）它是广泛应用于3D打印的塑料。

C）它给了时装设计师想象的空间。

D）它标志着打印材料的突破性进展。

问：关于Filaflex，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项还是以it开头，且都是对事实的陈述。由选项中的3D printer和3D printing可知，it可能指的是某种用于3D打印的材料。

▶ 解析：本题考查有关Filaflex的内容。讲话者最后提到，当别人向她介绍了一款新型的打印材料——Filaflex时，有关打印衣服的材料问题才有了进展，这与选项D的说法一致。其余三项讲话者均未提及。

Recording Three

听力原文&译文

Welcome to the third lecture in our series on the future of small businesses in Europe. The purpose of today's lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises [23]which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology. And I want to look at these both from a financial and from a personnel point of view and to offer a few hopefully effective solutions.

Here we have three of the most important problems facing small businesses that I want to look at today.

First, keeping up with the pace of technological change.Recruiting high-quality staff in a time of skills shortages in IT as a whole and in a highly competitive market. And the issue of retaining staff once they've been recruited and trained. Now, all of these problems involve significant costs for all businesses. But there are particularly challenging issues for small and medium-sized enterprises. And those costs would vary depending on the size and scale of the businesses.

So let's come to the first issue on our list, which is keeping pace with developments in technology. [24]Now we all know that the technology industry is intensely competitive with new products being launched all year round as the various companies strive to compete with each other, rather than, say once a year or every couple of years. And this is a real headache for smaller businesses. So, let's imagine we have a small company which is doing OK. It's just about making a profit and it spends most of its income on the overheads. So for a company in this situation, keeping up to date with the latest technology, even if it's only for the benefit of key staff, this can be hugely expensive.

So in my view, some creative thinking needs to come in here to find ways to help companies in this situation to stay ahead in the game, but at the same time, to remain technologically competitive.

Well, there's a possibility that small groups of companies with similar requirements but not directly competing with each other, they could share the cost of upgrading in much the same way as, let's say, an intranet operates within larger organizations. [25]In fact, cost sharing could be a very practical solution, especially in times of financial difficulty. If there's a downward pressure on costs, because of a need for investment in other areas, I would argue that this is a perfectly feasible solution.

欢迎参加针对欧洲小型企业发展前景的系列讲座，本次是第三讲。正如你们从标题和概要所看到的，今天演讲的目的是更加详细地探讨中小型企业所面临的问题。[23]这些问题的产生，至少有一部分原因在于，企业不得不适应技术的快速发展。我想从资金和人事管理的角度来看待这些问题，并提供一些有望产生成效的解决方案。

今天，我想重点讲述小型企业面临的三个最重要的问题。

首先，紧跟技术变革步伐的问题；在总体缺乏技术人员的IT行业和竞争激烈的市场中，高水平员工的招聘问题；还有一旦完成聘用和培训，如何留住员工的问题。如今，所有这些问题都会给所有企业带来巨大的成本。但对中小企业而言，存在着极具挑战性的问题。而且这些成本根据企业的大小和规模会有所不同。

现在让我们回到要讲的第一个问题上：紧跟技术发展的步伐。[24]众所周知，现在技术行业的竞争非常激烈。不同的企业相互竞争，一年到头不断地推出新产品，而不是一年推出一种新产品或者每隔几年才推出新产品。这是较小企业面临的真正棘手的问题。所以，我们假设有一家运营还算良好的小公司，仅仅实现了盈利，收入大部分用于公司的日常管理。所以，对于这种处境的公司而言，紧跟最新技术，即使只是照顾重要员工的利益，成本也非常高。

所以，在我看来，我们需要一些独创性的想法来帮助处于这种局面的公司在市场竞争中保持领先地位，同时，在技术方面保持竞争力。

嗯，其实存在这种可能性：需求相同但不存在直接竞争关系的小型企业团体可以共同分担技术升级的成本，比如说，就如同一家更大机构的内联网。[25]实际上，共同分担成本是个非常实际的解决方案，尤其在资金困难的时候。因为（公司）需要在其他领域投资，如果成本方面的压力可以降低，那我认为这个方案是非常可行的。

23. A) They arise from the advances in technology.

B) They have not been examined in detail so far.

C) They are easy to solve with modern technology.

D) They can't be solved without government support.

Q: What does the speaker say about the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises?

A）它们由技术进步引起。

B）它们至今没有被详细地研究。

C）有现代技术的支持，它们很容易解决。

D）没有政府的支持，它们无法得以解决。

问：关于中小企业所面临的问题，发言者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均以they作主语，有两项出现了technology，两项出现了solve或solved。听音时应听清they指代的对象，并重点关注与技术相关的信息。

▶ 解析：讲座开头提到，中小型企业面临一些问题，这些问题的产生，至少有一部分原因在于，它们不得不适应技术的快速发展。也就是说，这些问题是由技术进步引起的，故A项符合讲座内容。B项是根据讲座中to examine in more detail the problems而设置的干扰项，可排除。C、D两项讲座中并未提及，都应排除。

24. A) It is attractive to entrepreneurs.

B) It demands huge investment.

C) It focuses on new products.

D) It is intensely competitive.

Q: What does the speaker say about the technology industry?

A）它对企业家很有吸引力。

B）它需要巨额投资。

C）它把重点放在新产品上。

D）它的竞争非常激烈。

问：关于技术行业，发言者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均以it作主语。各项关键信息分别为：entrepreneurs，huge investment，new products，intensely competitive。听音时应听清it指代的对象，并将重点放在与各个选项的关键词汇相关的内容上。

▶ 解析：讲座中间提到：“众所周知，现在技术行业的竞争非常激烈。”由此可知D项与讲座内容相符。讲座中提到，不同的企业彼此间相互竞争，一年到头不断地推出新产品。但并没有说技术行业的重点都放在新产品上，C项属于主观臆测，应排除。其余两项讲座中并未提及，可排除。

25. A) Cooperation with big companies.

B) Recruiting more qualified staff.

C) In-service training of IT personnel.

D) Sharing of costs with each other.

Q: What is a practical solution to the problems of small and medium-sized businesses?

A）和大公司合作。

B）招聘更加合格的员工。

C）IT人士的在职培训。

D）彼此共同承担成本。

问：对于中小企业所面临的问题，一种实际的解决方案是什么？

▶ 解题思路：两个选项是名词短语，两个选项是动名词短语，四项的关键词汇分别是cooperation、recruiting、in-service training和sharing of costs，描述的都是企业的某种做法或采取的某项措施，听音时应将重点放在与这些关键词汇相关的内容上。

▶ 解析：讲座最后提到，小企业团体间共同承担技术升级的成本，这是个非常实际的解决方案。由此可知D项与讲座内容相符，为正确答案。讲座中提到小型企业面临的三个最重要的问题，其中包括招聘高水平员工，但并不是说中小企业实际的解决方案就是要招聘更合格的员工，故排除B项。其余两项在讲座中没有提及，排除。