Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.

W: Really? That's odd. [1]I thought the French were all good cooks.

M: Yes, that's right. I suppose it's really like anywhere else, though. You know, some places are good, some bad. But it's really all our own thought.

W: What do you mean?

M: Well, it was the first time I've been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. [2]I went there with my parents' friends from my father's school. They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.

W: A school trip?

M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We crossed the English Channel at night and we set off through France. And breakfast time arrived, and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little café. There we all were, tired and hungry, and then we made the great discovery.

W: What was that?

M: Bacon and eggs.

W: Fantastic. The real English breakfast.

M: Yes. Anyway, we didn't know any better. So we had it, and ugh...

W: What was it like? Disgusting?

M: Ah, it was incredible. They just got a bowel and put some fat in it. And then they put some bacon in the fat, broken egg over the top, and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes.

W: In the oven? You are joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven.

M: Well, they must have done it that way. It was hot, but it wasn't cooked. There were just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.

W: [3]Did you actually eat it?

M: [3]No, nobody did. They wanted to turn around and go home, you know, back to tea bags and fish and chips. You can't blame them, really. Anyway, the next night, we were all given another foreign specialty.

W: What was that?

M: Snails. [4]That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was.

男：你猜怎么着？我在法国吃到了自己吃过的最难吃的食物。

女：真的吗？那挺奇怪的。[1]我以为法国人都是好厨师。

男：是的，确实如此。不过，我认为这和其他地方很相似。你也知道，有些地方很好，有些地方不太好。但是这也确实是我们自己的想法。

女：你是什么意思？

男：嗯，那是我第一次去法国。那是很多年前的事了，当时我还在上学。[2]我和父母的朋友一起去的那里，他们来自我父亲所在的学校。他们租了一辆长途汽车带他们去瑞士。

女：学校旅行？

男：对。他们大多数人以前都没有出过国。我们在晚上穿越了英吉利海峡，然后出发去法国。早餐时间到了，长途汽车司机安排我们在一家小餐馆停留。到了那里，我们又累又饿，过后我们有了重大的发现。

女：什么发现？

男：培根和鸡蛋。

女：太好了。那是真正的英式早餐。

男：是的。不管怎样，我们当时并不知道还有什么比这更好的。然后我们吃了，结果，呃……

女：味道如何？不好吃？

男：嗯，简直不可思议。他们就是在一个碗里放了些食用油，然后将一些培根放在食用油上，再把打散的鸡蛋浇在最上面，最后全部将这些放在微波炉里加热了十分钟左右。

女：在微波炉里？你开玩笑的吧。不能在微波炉里加热培根和鸡蛋。

男：嗯，他们肯定是那样做的。饭很热，但是没熟。就是鸡蛋浮在大量的食物油和生培根上。

女：[3]你们真的吃了吗？

男：[3]不，没有人吃。他们想掉头回家，你懂的，回到喝茶、吃鱼和薯条的生活。真的不能怪他们。无论如何，第二天晚上，餐馆又给我们上了一道外国特色菜。

女：是什么？

男：蜗牛。[4]那真的让他们彻底崩溃了。可真是“令人愉快”的假期。

1. A) They were all good at cooking.

B) They were particular about food.

C) They were proud of their cuisine.

D) They were fond of bacon and eggs.

Q: What did the woman think of the French?

A）他们都擅长烹饪。

B）他们对食物很挑剔。

C）他们对他们的烹饪引以为豪。

D）他们很喜欢培根和鸡蛋

问：这位女士是如何评价法国人的？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以they开头。

2. 四项提到的内容均与饮食相关。

3. 两项与个人喜好相关（particular about, fond of）。

结论：该题可能考查they的某种特点。听音时首先要确定they所指代的对象，然后结合选项做出判断。

▶ 解析：根据女士所提到的“I thought the French were all good cooks （我认为法国人都是好厨师）”可知，A项“他们都擅长烹饪”是正确答案。

2. A) His parents.

B) His friends.

C) His schoolmates.

D) His parents' friends.

Q: Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland?

A）他的父母。

B）他的朋友。

C）他的校友。

D）他父母的朋友。

问：男士第一次去瑞士旅行是和谁一起？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均为名词短语。

2. 四项提到的人物均与he有关系。

结论：该题可能考查与男士有关的人。听音时要注意听与男士相关的人物。

▶ 解析：根据男士所说的“我和父母的朋友一起去的那里，他们来自我父亲的学校。他们租了一辆长途汽车带他们去瑞士”可知，男士是和他父母的朋友一起去的瑞士，故D项为正确答案。

3. A) No tea was served with the meal.

B) It was the real English breakfast.

C) No one of the group ate it.

D) It was a little overcooked.

Q: What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French café?

A）早饭期间没有茶水提供。

B）那是一顿真正的英式早餐。

C）旅行团里没有人吃。

D）有一点烹饪过度了。

问：关于那家法国小餐馆的早餐，男士说了什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项提到的内容均与饮食相关。

2. 三项提到了it。

结论：该题可能考查某些人对it的评价。听音时首先要确定it所指代的事物，然后再结合选项注意听有关人士对it评价的句子。

▶ 解析：男士首先提到了法国小餐馆的早餐——培根和鸡蛋，然后介绍了早餐的制作过程和味道，通过女士的提问（你们吃了吗？）及男士的回答“不，没有人吃。”可知，选项C为正确答案。选项B是女士听到男士说“培根和鸡蛋”后做出的判断，并不是男士的说法，故该项错误。

4. A) It was full of excitement.

B) It was really extraordinary.

C) It was a risky experience.

D) It was rather disappointing.

Q: What did the man think of his holiday in France?

A）充满了刺激。

B）非常特别。

C）是一次冒险的体验。

D）相当令人失望。

问：男士认为他在法国的假期如何？

▶ 听前预测：四项均以it开头，都是对it的主观描述。

结论：该题可能考查某人对it的看法或态度。听音时首先要确定it所指代的事物，然后再结合选项做出判断。

▶ 解析：男士在对话最后提到了“真是‘令人愉快’的假期”，但根据前文男士对法国食物的印象，尤其是“That really finished them off（那真的让他们彻底崩溃了）”可推测出，他不喜欢他在法国的假期，因此D项为正确答案。男士最后提到的“真是‘令人愉快’的假期”是一种讽刺。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

M: [5]You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what “doing well”means and facts and figures?

W: Well, [5]doing well means averaging 1,200 pounds or more a week for about seven years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And doing well means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year we hope to do more than 60,000. So that's good, if we continue to rise.

M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?

W: Yes, that's gross. The expenses of course go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. There's something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high. Commercially speaking, it's fairly low. [6]And we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.

M: [7]And your prices are much lower than the same goods in the shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?

W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. [8]So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we're on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. [8]Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.

男：[5]你说你的店铺一直经营得很好。你能解释一下怎样才叫“经营得好”并提供一些事实和数据吗？

女：嗯，[5]“经营得好”是指大约七年内每周平均能赚1200英镑或更多，总计赚了近25万英镑。“经营得好”意味着你的收入在增长。去年我们的收入略微超过五万英镑，今年我们希望能超过六万英镑。如果我们的收入能继续增长的话，经营状况会很好。

男：现在，我认为这些都是毛利。你们的开销怎么样？

女：是的，这确实是毛利。开销当然也会稳步增长。自从我们搬到这家新店以来，开销增加了很多，因为店面扩大了不少。因此我不能确切地说具体的开销是多少。大概是每年6000~7000英镑，不算高。从商业方面讲，这相当低了。[6]我们尝试尽可能降低开销。

男：[7]你店里商品的价格比周围店里相同商品的价格低得多。附近有家经营得这么好的店，那些当地的店主对此有何感想？

女：也许他们中的很多人都没有意识到我们经营得有多好，因为我们没特意宣传。这是我们很早之前学到的教训。我们对当地所有的店主都很友好，然后无意间跟一位当地店主提到了我们那周的收入。他就不是很开心，而且对我们也不那么友好了。[8]因此我们特别强调绝不向外透露我们赚了多少钱。但是我们和所有店铺的关系都很好。没有一家店铺曾抱怨我们抢了他们的生意或类似的事情。我认为这是非常友好的关系。[8]如果他们知道我们赚了多少钱，也许就不会这么友好了。

5. A) The woman's relationship with other shops.

B) The business success of the woman's shop.

C) The key to running a shop at a low cost.

D) The woman's earnings over the years.

Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A）女士与其他店铺的关系。

B）女士店铺生意的成功。

C）低成本经营店铺的秘诀。

D）这些年女士的收入。

问：说话者主要谈论的是什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均是名词短语，推测本题可能以what提问。

2. 三项内容涉及与女士相关的信息（relationship with other shops, business success of the woman's shop及the woman's earnings）。

3. 两项与经营店铺相关（business success与key to running a shop）。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查与女士相关的信息。

▶ 解析：根据男士所说的“你说你的店铺经营得很好”及接下来女士对“经营得好”这个概念的解释可知，对话者谈论的主要是女士店铺生意的成功，故B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项均是两人就“经营得好”这个概念讨论中的具体细节，均不能概括对话的大意，故排除。

6. A) Improve its customer service.

B) Expand its business scale.

C) Keep down its expenses.

D) Upgrade the goods it sells.

Q: What does the woman say her shop tries to do?

A）改善客户服务。

B）拓展业务范围。

C）降低开销。

D）提升所销售的商品的品质。

问：女士说她的店铺在努力做什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以动词原形开头。

2. 四项内容均与经营店铺相关。

结论：该题可能考查与店铺经营相关的信息。

▶ 解析：根据女士所说的“我们尝试尽可能降低开销”可知，C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项对话中没有提及，因此排除。

7. A) They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.

B) They are very popular with the local residents.

C) They are delivered free of charge.

D) They are in great demand.

Q: What do we learn about the goods sold at the woman's shop?

A）它们比其他店铺的卖得便宜。

B）它们在当地居民中很受欢迎。

C）它们可以免费配送。

D）它们的需求量很大。

问：关于女士店铺销售的商品，我们了解到什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以they开头。

2. 三项内容均与店铺里的商品相关（sold at lower prices, popular with the local residents及in great demand）。

结论：该题可能考查与店铺里的商品相关的信息。听音时首先要确定they的指代内容，然后要注意对话中与店铺里的商品相关的信息。

▶ 解析：根据男士所说的“你店里商品的价格比周围店里相同商品的价格低得多”可知，A项为正确答案。B、C、D三项在对话中均没有提及，故排除。

8. A) To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.

B) To attract more customers in the neighborhood.

C) To avoid being put out of business in competition.

D) To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.

Q: Why doesn't the woman want to make known their earnings anymore?

A）遵循当地店主的习俗。

B）吸引附近更多的顾客。

C）避免在竞争中破产。

D）与其他店铺保持友好的关系。

问：为什么女士不想再让别人知道她的店的收入？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以动词不定式开头，可能考查的是原因或目的。

2. 两项内容与店铺间的关系相关（follow the custom of the local shopkeepers与maintain friendly relationships），两项内容与店铺的经营策略相关（attract more customers与avoid being put out of business in competition）。

结论：该题可能考查店铺实施某个经营策略的原因。

▶ 解析：在对话末尾，女士说：“我们特别强调绝不向外透露我们赚了多少钱。如果他们知道我们赚了多少钱，也许就不会这么友好了。”由此可推知，女士不想让别人知道她赚了多少钱是为了与其他店铺保持友好的关系，故D项是正确答案。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

Birds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride. Canadian scientists have found a worrisome new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. [9]Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live. Some 10,000 pairs of the birds called fulmars, a kind of arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle. [10]The fulmars travel some 400 kilometres over the sea to find food. When they returned home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds. [11]Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals. To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds. The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they are out on the ocean. People who live, hunt or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. [12]The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.

鸟类以携带东西飞往各处而闻名。有些鸟类，比如信鸽，经过训练可以传递消息和包裹。其他鸟类不知不觉地携带着附着在身上的种子飞行。关于鸟类向各处散播东西的本领，加拿大科学家已经发现了一个令人担忧的新例子。[9]在加拿大北极地区往北的区域，海鸟正在捡拾海洋上的危险化学物，并把它们运往鸟类栖息地区附近的池塘中。大约有一万对名叫管鼻藿的北极海鸟把它们的巢筑在北极圈以北的德文岛。[10]管鼻藿在海上飞行大约400公里去觅食。当它们返回家中时，它们身上黏附的东西都落在筑巢的地方，包括附近的池塘。[11]科学家以前就发现污染物随风飘到了北极。三文鱼在河流与海洋间洄游时也会携带危险的化学物质。鱼类和其他食肉动物的体内会积聚含量很高的化学物质。为了检测管鼻藿的污染力度，研究人员收集了德文岛上11个池塘中的沉积物的样本。研究结果显示，离这些海鸟栖息地最近的池塘中的污染物要远远多于那些受这些鸟类影响较小的池塘中的污染物。池塘中的污染物似乎来自管鼻藿飞往海洋时所吃的鱼。研究人员说，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、打猎或捕鱼的人们要小心谨慎。[12]这些鸟类并不是有意要制造伤害，但是它们携带的化学物质却能够引起巨大的麻烦。

9. A) They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.

B) They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.

C) They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.

D) They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.

Q: What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?

A）它们可以在紧急时被用来传递消息。

B）它们把污染物从海洋携带到它们筑巢的地方。

C）它们携带植物的种子并把它们散播到遥远的地方。

D）它们由于污染而濒临灭绝。

问：关于有些海鸟，加拿大科学家发现了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they开头。

2. 两项含有pollutants或pollution。

结论：本题考查的内容与they有关，可能涉及they的价值或生存状况，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断they的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（deliver messages, deliver pollutants, carry plant seeds, pollution）。

▶ 解析：短文开头提到，“关于鸟类向各处散播东西的本领，加拿大科学家已经发现了一个令人担忧的新例子。”接着展开说，“在加拿大北极地区往北的区域，海鸟正在捡拾海洋上的危险化学物，并把它们运往鸟类栖息地区附近的池塘中。”由此可知选项B正确。被训练用来传递消息的是信鸽，并不是某些海鸟，而且信鸽传递消息也不是加拿大科学家发现的，所以选项A不正确；鸟类携带并散播种子是事实，但这也不是加拿大科学家发现的，所以选项C不正确；选项D在讲话中没有被提及，故不可选。

10. A) They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.

B) They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.

C) They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.

D) They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.

Q: What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?

A）它们在夏季迁徙至北极圈。

B）它们诞生于北极地区的德文岛。

C）它们飞行多达400公里去觅食。

D）它们在极端天气中有生存的能力。

问：关于名叫管鼻藿的海鸟，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they开头。

2. 两项含有the Arctic Circle或the Arctic area，一项含有extreme weathers。

结论：本题考查的内容与they有关，可能涉及they的生活习性，很可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应注意判断they的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（migrate to the Arctic Circle, originate from Devon Island, in search of food, survive in extreme weathers）。

▶ 解析：短文中间部分提到，“管鼻藿在海上飞行大约400公里去觅食。”由此可知选项C正确。其他选项在讲话中均未被提及，故都不可选。

11. A) They were carried by the wind.

B) They had become more poisonous.

C) They were less than on the continent.

D) They poisoned some of the fulmars.

Q: What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?

A）它们是随风而来的。

B）它们的毒性变得更大。

C）它们比大陆上的少。

D）它们毒死了一些管鼻藿。

问：关于北极地区的污染物，科学家以前发现了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they开头。

2. 两项含有poisonous或poisoned。

结论：本题考查的内容与they有关，可能涉及they的来历或性质，很可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应注意判断they的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（carried by the wind, more poisonous, less than on the continent, poisoned some of the fulmars）。

▶ 解析：短文中间部分提到，“科学家以前就发现污染物随风飘到了北极。”由此可知选项A正确。其他选项在讲话中均未被提及，故都不可选。

12. A) The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.

B) The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.

C) The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.

D) The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.

Q: What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?

A）人类对北极海鸟造成的威胁。

B）北极海鸟逐渐减少的栖息地。

C）北极海鸟可能给人类造成的伤害。

D）变化的气候给北极海鸟带来的影响。

问：在讲话的结尾，讲话者提出了什么警告？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都是名词短语。

2. 四项都含有Arctic seabirds。

3. 三项都含有表示消极意义的词（threats, diminishing, harm）。

4. 两项含有humans。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一个看法、一种观点或一个结论，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（threats, diminishing colonies, harm, effects）。

▶ 解析：短文最后部分提到，“这些鸟类并不是有意要制造伤害，但是它们携带的化学物质却能够引起巨大的麻烦。”由此可知选项C正确。在文章结尾，讲话者只提出了海鸟威胁人类的警告，因此其他项都不可选。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

[13]In recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older—has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014. The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.

In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. [14]But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.

People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases, such as Alzheimer's, which affects the mind and cognitive function. [15]In other words, it appears that minds give out before their bodies do. On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.

Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 2014, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing—18,434 centenarians died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.

[13]近年来，美国百岁老人——活到100岁或100岁以上的人——的死亡率降低了，从2008年到2014年女性死亡率降低了14%，男性降低了20%。这个年龄段的主要死亡原因也在发生变化。

2000年，百岁老人的五种主要死亡原因分别是心脏病、中风、流感、癌症和阿尔兹海默病。[14]但是截止到2014年，这个年龄段的人因阿尔兹海默病引起的死亡率翻了一倍多——从3.8%增加到8.5%——使这种患者越来越多的大脑疾病成为引起百岁老人死亡的第二大主因。

这个年龄群体因阿尔兹海默病导致的死亡率升高的一个原因可能在于，即使人们战胜了其他诸如癌症的疾病而活下来，患这种病的可能性仍然存在。

身体足够健康的人活到了100多岁，最终却患上了像阿尔兹海默病这种影响大脑和认知功能的疾病。[15]换句话说，似乎是大脑先于身体衰竭了。另一方面，流感引起的死亡率从2000年的7.4%下降到2014年的4.1%，使得流感从第三大主要死亡原因变成第五大主因。

总体来看，百岁老人的总数在增加。2014年，共有72197位百岁老人，相比之下，2000年只有50281位。但是，由于这个群体在不断壮大，其死亡人数也在逐渐增加——2000年共有18434位百岁老人去世，而2014年则有25914位老人去世。

13. A) It has decreased.

B) It has been exaggerated.

C) It has become better understood.

D) It has remained basically the same.

Q: What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?

A）它降低了。

B）它被夸大了。

C）它变得更好理解了。

D）它基本上保持不变。

问：关于近年来美国百岁老人的死亡风险，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以it开头。

2. 三项含有表示减少、扩大、不变的词。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一种趋势、一个看法、一种观点或一个结论，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断it指代的对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（decreased, exaggerated, better understood, remained basically the same）。

▶ 解析：文章开头部分提到，近年来美国百岁老人的死亡率降低了。由此可知选项A正确。

14. A) It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.

B) It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

C) It has had no effective cure so far.

D) It calls for more intensive research.

Q: What does the speaker say about Alzheimer's disease?

A）生活不积极的百岁老人更容易患上这种病。

B）它是目前百岁老人死亡的第二大主因。

C）至今它仍然没有有效的疗法。

D）它需要更加深入的研究。

问：关于阿尔兹海默病，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以it开头。

2. 两项含有centenarians。

结论：本题考查的内容与it的现状或性质有关，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断it指代的对象，以及it与centenarians的关系，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（not actively engaged, second leading cause of death, no effective cure, more intensive research）。

▶ 解析：文章前半部分提到，但是截止到2014年，这个年龄段的人因阿尔兹海默病引起的死亡率翻了一倍多……使这种患者越来越多的大脑疾病成为引起百岁老人死亡的第二大主因。由此可知选项B正确。其他三个选项短文中均未提及，故都不可选。

15. A) They care more about their physical health.

B) Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.

C) Their minds fail before their bodies do.

D) They cherish their life more than ever.

Q: What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?

A）他们更加关心自己的身体健康。

B）他们的生活质量在迅速下降。

C）他们的大脑先于身体衰竭。

D）他们比以往任何时候都更加珍惜生命。

问：活到100岁及以上的人有什么特点？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they或their开头。

2. 两项含有life，一项含有physical health，一项含有minds和bodies。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是they的某种特点，可能是一种看法或结论。听音时应注意判断they或their指代的对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（physical health, quality of life, minds fail, cherish their life）。

▶ 解析：文章后半部分提到，“身体足够健康的人活到了100多岁，最终却患上了像阿尔兹海默病这种影响大脑和认知功能的疾病。换句话说，似乎是大脑先于身体衰竭了。”由此可知选项C正确。其他三个选项短文中均未提及，故都不可选。

Section C

Recording One

听力原文&译文

OK. So let's get started. And to start things off, I think what we need to do is consider a definition. [16]I'm going to define what love is, but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean of Tufts University, but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly 30 years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.

Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets; you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else. OK, that's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction and Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.

The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such and the commitment to maintain that relationship, at least for some period of time. [17]Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love. [18]Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three, what do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three. What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully. So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.

好的。那么我们开始吧。首先，我想我们需要思考一个定义。[16]我打算给爱情下个定义，但我接下来要提到的大部分实验其实都更加关注吸引力，而不是爱情。我要借鉴前同事罗伯特·斯滕伯格给爱情下的定义，他现在是塔夫斯大学的系主任，但曾在我们耶鲁大学做了近30年的教员。他提出了一个关于爱情的理论，认为爱情由三个因素构成：亲密、激情和承诺（或者有时也被称作决定性承诺）。这些因素是相对明确的。他认为，如果没有具备这完整的三个因素，就不会拥有爱情。

亲密是与人亲近、与人有联系、与人结合的感觉。在行动上，你可以把亲密关系理解为分享秘密，你把不会与其他任何人分享的秘密告诉这个人。是的，这确实是亲密，这种亲密关系源于与其分享不与他人分享的信息。第二个因素是激情。激情是浪漫的驱动力。你可以认为它是身体的吸引力，斯滕伯格认为这是爱情关系中的一个必备因素。

在斯滕伯格的理论中，第三个成就爱情关系的因素是其所说的决定性承诺：一个人决定处于爱情关系之中，愿意将其定义为爱情关系，并承诺维持这种关系至少一段时间。[17]斯滕伯格认为，如果你不将其称为爱情，并且没有维持这种关系的意愿，那它就不是爱情。因此，如果这三个因素你都具备：亲密、激情和承诺，那么在斯滕伯格的理论中，你便获得了爱情。[18]而关于这个理论有一点非常有趣：假如你只拥有这三个因素中的一个或两个因素，你获得的是什么感情？拥有两个因素的不同组合时，你又会获得什么样的感情，以及这些感情有什么不同？这种理论的有趣之处在于：它会产生很多不同的组合，当你把这些组合推翻，并开始对它们进行仔细研究时，会非常有意思。所以我所做的就是分析斯滕伯格所定义的有关爱情的三个因素——亲密、激情和承诺，然后列举出你在并不拥有任何一个因素，以及拥有一个、两个或三个因素时所获得的不同类型的感情。

16. A) They are focused more on attraction than love.

B) They were done by his former colleague at Yale.

C) They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.

D) They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.

Q: What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?

A）它们更关注吸引力而不是爱情。

B）它们是由他耶鲁大学的前同事做的。

C）它们开展了大约30年的时间。

D）它们形成了他构建其爱情理论的基础。

问：关于讲话中提到的大部分实验，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they开头，两项是现在时，两项是过去时。听音时要注意听清they的指代对象。

2. 一项提到love，一项提到theory of love，本题很可能考查与爱情理论相关的内容。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者说了有关他提到的大部分实验的什么内容。讲话者在一开始便说，他想给爱情下个定义，但接下来要提到的大部分实验其实都更加关注吸引力，而不是爱情。很明显，选项A的说法与此一致，故为正确答案。讲话者借鉴了曾在耶鲁大学任教的一位前同事对爱情的定义，而不是这位前同事做了这些实验，故排除选项B。选项C中的30年是他的前同事在耶鲁大学任教的时间，故排除。是他的这位前同事提出了关于爱情的理论，而不是讲话者构建了这个理论，故选项D也排除。

17. A) The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.

B) Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.

C) It is not love if you don't wish to maintain the relationship.

D) Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.

Q: What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?

A）如果没有激情，爱情关系就不能长久。

B）亲密对于爱情来说很重要，但也不是绝对必不可少的。

C）如果你不想维持这种关系，它就不是爱情。

D）没有互相理解，就不可能会有浪漫的感觉。

问：关于爱情，罗伯特·斯滕伯格有什么论断？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都是陈述性的语气，推断本题考查一种结论或客观事实。

2. 由各选项中的关键词passion、intimacy、love和romance可知，本题考查内容涉及爱情关系的相关内容，可能是关系的维护或者构成爱情关系的要素。

▶ 解析：本题问罗伯特·斯滕伯格对于爱情有什么论断。讲话者在提到第三个成就爱情关系的因素时说：“斯滕伯格认为，如果你不将其称为爱情，并且没有维持这种关系的意愿，那它就不是爱情。”这与选项C的说法一致。讲话中提到，斯滕伯格认为激情是爱情关系中的一个必备因素，也就是说没有激情就没有爱情关系，选项A曲解了这一点，故排除。同样，斯滕伯格认为亲密对爱情关系来说也是必不可少的，故排除B。选项D讲话中没有提及。

18. A) Which of them is considered most important.

B) Whether it is true love without commitment.

C) When the absence of any one doesn't affect the relationship.

D) How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.

Q: What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg's three elements of love?

A）它们之中哪一个被认为是最重要的。

B）如果没有承诺，还是不是真爱。

C）当任何一个缺失时，都不会影响爱情关系。

D）如果任何一个缺失，将如何定义爱情关系。

问：关于斯滕伯格的爱情三要素理论，讲话者认为什么问题是有趣的？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以疑问词开头，本题考查某种疑问或问题，听音时要重点关注各选项的关键词（most important, true love without commitment, the absence of any one, if any one is missing）。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者认为斯滕伯格的爱情理论的有趣之处是什么。讲话者在陈述完斯滕伯格的爱情三要素理论后，指出了一个有趣的疑问：假如你只拥有这三个因素中的一个或两个因素，你获得的是什么感情？也就是说，在缺少任何一个因素的情况下，爱情关系将如何被定义？这与选项D的说法一致，故为正确答案。其余三项讲话中均未提及。

Recording Two

听力原文&译文

Hi, I'm Elisabeth Hofler, Master of Social Work. I'm a social worker, a lobbyist and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers. [19]Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession. [20]Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with the particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and the environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with the reality and change that reality when necessary.

In thousands of ways, social workers help other people—people from every age, every background across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions. [21]There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric nurses combined.

Throughout these series, you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work and many ways that social workers help others. [22]Later in these series, you will hear from Stacy Colins and Mill Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker and Mill will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to. The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect and advance the social work profession. We help you enjoy the series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.

大家好，我是伊丽莎白·赫夫勒，是社会工作专业硕士。我是一名社会工作者，也是宣传社会工作的人，同时还是全国社会工作者协会执行理事的特别助理。[19]今天我们来谈谈成为一名社会工作者的问题。社会工作是给人提供帮助的职业。[20]这份工作的主要任务是提升人们的幸福感，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，尤其要关注那些弱势的、饱受压迫的和生活贫困的人。我们经常要应对复杂的人类需求。社会工作与其他职业不同，因为我们关注的是人与环境。我们要应对那些影响人们处境和观点的外部因素。我们还创造机会对这些因素进行评估和干预，从而帮助救济对象和社会团体有效地应对现实，并在必要时改变那种现实。

社会工作者以数千种方式来帮助其他人——这些人来自全国各地，各个年龄段和各种社会背景的人都有。不论在任何地方，只要有需要，社会工作者就会来提供帮助。该职业最为人所熟知的一面是其社会保障性。我们帮助引导人们获得关键性的资源，在一些足以改变人生的决定上对他们提出忠告。[21]全国有60多万名职业社会工作者，我们都有社会工作专业的学士、硕士或博士学位。受过临床培训的社会工作者比受过临床培训的精神病医生、心理学家和精神科护士加起来还要多。

在这一系列节目里，大家会学到更多与这个职业相关的知识，明白获得社会工作专业学位的必要步骤，了解社会工作的悠久历史和社会工作者帮助他人的许多方法。[22]稍后，在这一系列节目中，大家会听到社会工作者斯泰西·科兰斯和米尔·威尔逊的讲解，他们是我在全国社会工作者协会的同事。斯泰西会带领大家逐步了解如何成为一名社会工作者，米尔将告诉大家在获得了社会工作专业学位后要面临的诸多选择，以及社会工作者必须履行的高标准的职业责任。全国社会工作者协会有将近14.5万名社会工作者会员。我们的任务是宣传、保护和发展社会工作这项职业。我们会让大家喜欢这个通过介绍如何成为一名社会工作者来帮助大家有所作为的系列节目。接下来，我们要讨论的是选择社会工作的问题。

19. A) Social work as a profession.

B) The history of social work.

C) Academic degrees required of social work applicants.

D) The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.

Q: What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A）社会工作这种职业。

B）社会工作的历史。

C）申请做社会工作的人必须有的学历。

D）全国社会工作者协会的目标。

问：讲话者主要谈论的是什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项都是名词短语，本题应该是以what开头进行提问。三项提到social work，听音时要注意听清提问对象，并重点关注各选项的关键词（profession, history, academic degrees, aim）。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者谈论的主要内容。讲话开头，讲话者先简单介绍了自己，是一名社会工作者，然后说：“今天我们来谈谈成为一名社会工作者的问题。”接着介绍了社会工作的职业定位、目标和工作内容等。整篇讲话都是围绕着社会工作这一职业展开的，故选A。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

20. A) They try to change people's social behavior.

B) They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.

C) They raise people's awareness of the environ-ment.

D) They create a lot of opportunities for the unem-ployed.

Q: What do social workers mainly do?

A）他们努力改变人们的社会行为。

B）他们帮助提升弱势群体的幸福感。

C）他们提高人们的环境意识。

D）他们为失业者创造很多机会。

问：社会工作者主要做什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以They开头，陈述的都是they所做的工作，而且这些工作都与帮助他人有关。由此推断该题可能考查社会工作者的工作内容。

▶ 解析：本题就社会工作者的主要工作进行提问。讲话者在讲话开头提到：“这份工作的主要任务是提升人们的幸福感，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，尤其要关注那些弱势的、饱受压迫的和生活贫困的人。”选项B的说法与此一致，为正确答案。选项A和C讲话中没有提及。选项D中的the unemployed是弱势或贫困群体中的一部分，说法片面，故排除。

21. A) They have all received strict clinical training.

B) They all have an academic degree in social work.

C) They are all members of the National Association.

D) They have all made a difference through their work.

Q: What do professional social workers have in common according to the speaker?

A）他们都接受过严格的临床培训。

B）他们都有社会工作专业的学历。

C）他们都是全国社会工作者协会的会员。

D）他们都通过自己的工作有了一番作为。

问：根据讲话者所说，职业社会工作者的共同点是什么？

▶ 解题思路：两项以They have all开头，一项以They all have开头，一项以They are all开头，本题考查they所做过的事或其身份，听音时要注意听清they的指代对象。

▶ 解析：本题问职业社会工作者的共同点。讲话者在讲话中间部分提到，全国有60多万名职业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作专业的学士、硕士或博士学位。也就是说，他们都获得了社会工作专业的学历，故选B。讲话者只是提到受过临床培训的社会工作者很多，而不是选项A所说的他们都接受过严格的临床培训。讲话者也没有提到所有的职业社会工作者都是全国社会工作者协会的会员，故排除C。讲话者只是说这些节目会帮助大家有所作为，并没有强调说社会工作者都通过自己的工作有了一番作为，故排除D。

22. A) The promotion of social workers' social status.

B) The importance of training for social workers.

C) Ways for social workers to meet people's needs.

D) Social workers' job options and responsibilities.

Q: What is Mill Wilson going to talk about in the series?

A）社会工作者社会地位的提升。

B）对社会工作者进行培训的重要性。

C）社会工作者满足人们需求的方法。

D）社会工作者的职业选择和责任。

问：在系列节目中，米尔·威尔逊将要讲些什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项均是名词短语，都围绕社会工作者展开，涉及他们的工作内容、职业培训和社会地位等。本题可能考查与此相关的内容，听音时要注意对讲话内容细节信息的提取。

▶ 解析：本题问米尔·威尔逊将在系列节目中讲解的内容。讲话者在最后提到，稍后，在这一系列节目中，大家会听到社会工作者斯泰西·科兰斯和米尔·威尔逊的讲解，米尔将告诉大家在获得了社会工作专业学位后要面临的诸多选择，以及社会工作者必须履行的高标准的职业责任。很明显，答案选D。

Recording Three

听力原文&译文

Today, I'd like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time promote junk food. Currently, [23]there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's “Let's Move”campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active and signed on singer Beyoncé and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity, especially a professional athlete can be in influencing children's behavior. In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involve sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.

Sports drinks which are often high in sugar and calories, made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the reminder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93 percent relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories. It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors. But the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online. [24]And in 2010, the researchers reported that children aged 12-17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults. One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best, kids might be confused. At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water. But those two beverages aren't the same. If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent. [25]Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.

今天，我想探讨一下当名人楷模支持健康习惯的同时还推销垃圾食品，会发生什么。目前，[23]越来越多的人批评米歇尔·奥巴马倡导的“让我们动起来”活动，这项活动鼓励青少年更加积极地锻炼身体以此抵抗儿童肥胖，同时还签约歌手碧昂丝和篮球运动员沙奎尔·奥尼尔作为代言人。他们两位也是碳酸饮料的代言人，而碳酸饮料是肥胖症流行的“罪魁祸首”。现在，越来越多的证据证明，一位名人，尤其是一名职业运动员在影响儿童行为方面具有很大的影响力。耶鲁大学路德食品政策与肥胖研究中心发布的一份报告中，研究人员研究了100名职业运动员和他们的代言合同。该研究小组主要研究运动员，因为从理论上讲，他们在宣传积极、健康的生活方式方面可以给儿童树立最好的榜样。把代言合同归类后，他们发现，在这些运动员代言的512个品牌中，大多数品牌涉及体育用品，紧随其后的是食品和饮料品牌。

运动型饮料通常所含的糖分和热量都很高，它们构成了食品和饮料销量的大部分，其余是软饮料和快餐。在由职业运动员代言的46种饮料中，93%的饮料完全依赖糖分来提供热量。知名度高的运动员能影响儿童的饮食行为也就不足为奇了。但是科学家能够量定这些代言广告在儿童周边环境中有多受欢迎。由职业运动员出演的、宣传其代言产品的广告往往会被大量投放在电视、电台、纸质媒体和互联网上。[24]而且，在2010年，研究人员报告称，12~17岁的孩子看到的运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌广告要比成年人多。任何一次活动都想邀请受欢迎的名人代言的一个原因是，不管名人做什么，孩子都会被他们吸引。当同一个人在推销含糖饮料的时候，我们不能指望孩子们打消那种崇拜感。从最乐观的一面看，孩子们可能会被迷惑。最坏的情况是，他们会认为这些关于碳酸饮料的信息跟关于水的信息是一样的。但这两种饮料是不同的。孩子们把运动员当作榜样，如果他们的偶像行为始终如一，对孩子们来说是最有利的。[25]始终如一地宣扬积极行为会展示出孩子们能够效仿的更加健康的生活方式。

23. A) To fight childhood obesity.

B) To help disadvantaged kids.

C) To encourage kids to play more sports.

D) To urge kids to follow their role models.

Q: What is the aim of Michelle Obama's campaign?

A）对抗儿童肥胖。

B）帮助弱势群体的孩子。

C）鼓励孩子做更多的体育运动。

D）鼓励孩子效仿他们的楷模。

问：米歇尔·奥巴马倡导的活动的目的是什么？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均为不定式结构，均出现了与儿童相关的词汇（childhood, kids），各项关键信息分别为：childhood obesity, disadvantaged kids, more sports, follow their role models。听音时应将重点放在与各个选项的关键词相关的内容上。

▶ 解析：讲话开头提到，米歇尔·奥巴马倡导的一项活动引起公众的指责，这项活动是鼓励青少年更加积极地锻炼身体以此抵抗儿童肥胖。因此该项活动的目的就是抵抗儿童肥胖，正确答案为A项。选项C虽然在讲话中有提及，但它是这项活动的内容，而非目的，最根本目的还是抵抗儿童肥胖，故排除C项。其余两项讲话中没有提及，均可排除。

24. A) They best boost product sales when put online.

B) They are most effective when appearing on TV.

C) They are becoming more and more prevalent.

D) They impress kids more than they do adults.

Q: What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?

A）当被投放在网上时，它们能最好地帮助提升产品销量。

B）在电视上播放时，它们最有效力。

C）它们正变得越来越流行。

D）相比成年人，孩子对它们的印象要更深。

问：关于职业运动员代言的广告，研究发现了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均以they作主语，并说明了四种不同的作用或效果。听录音时，需要确认they的指代对象。

▶ 解析：讲话者在讲话中间部分提到：“在2010年，研究人员报告称，12~17岁的孩子看到的运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌广告要比成年人多。”也就是说相比成年人，孩子对运动员代言的食品和饮料广告印象更深刻，故本题选D。讲话中提到，职业运动员代言的产品广告往往会被大量投放在电视、电台、纸质媒体和互联网上，但并没有说在电视上播放的广告最有效力，故排除B项。其余两项讲话中没有提及。

25. A) Always place kids' interest first.

B) Do what they advocate in public.

C) Message positive behaviors at all times.

D) Pay attention to their image before children.

Q: What does the speaker think kids' idols should do?

A）永远把孩子的利益放在首位。

B）做他们公开倡导的事情。

C）总是宣扬积极的行为。

D）在孩子面前注意自己的形象。

问：讲话者认为，孩子的偶像们应该做什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项均为动词短语。两项提到了儿童（kids, children）。各选项的关键词分别为：kids' interest, advocate in public, Message positive behaviors, image before children。听音时将重点放在与各个选项的关键词有关的内容上。

▶ 解析：讲话结尾提到：“始终如一地宣扬积极行为会展示出孩子们能够效仿的更加健康的生活方式。”即讲话者认为，孩子们的名人偶像要一直宣扬积极行为，让孩子们遵循更加健康的生活方式，故本题选C。