Word List 11

orbital /ˈɔːrbɪtl/

【释】adj. 轨道的

【释】adj. 眼窝的，眼眶的

【形】orbit

idealist /aɪˈdiːəlɪst/

【释】n. 空想家

【释】n. 理想主义者

【近】utopian, romantic

【形】idealism

unbiased /ʌnˈbaɪəst/

【释】adj. 无偏见的 (showing no prejudice for or against something)

【例】an unbiased judge

【近】impartial, disinterested

【反】biased, prejudiced

【形】bias

dramatize /ˈdræmətaɪz/

【释】v. 把…改编成戏剧

【例】The novel was dramatized.

【释】v. 夸张

【例】The tabloids dramatized the event.

【形】dramatic

agility /əˈdʒɪləti/

【释】n. 敏捷 (ability to move quickly and easily)

【例】She moved with great agility for such an old woman.

【近】dexterity, deftness

【反】clumsiness, ungainliness

【形】agile

binder /ˈbaɪndər/

【释】n. 活页夹

【释】n. 黏合剂

【形】bind

foresight /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

【释】n. 先见 (an act or the power of foreseeing)

【例】They had the foresight to invest the money wisely.

【近】vision, anticipation, prescience

forerunner /ˈfɔːrʌnər/

【释】n. 先驱 (a person or thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else)

【例】This machine was the forerunner of the modern helicopter.

【近】predecessor, precursor

【反】descendant

enigma /ɪˈnɪɡmə/

【释】n. 谜 (something hard to understand or explain)

【例】To his friends, he was always something of an enigma.

【近】mystery, puzzle, riddle

【形】enigmatic

enliven /ɪnˈlaɪvn/

【释】v. 使活泼；使生动 (make (something) more interesting)

【例】He enlivened his speech with a few jokes.

【近】animate, liven up

ecologist /iˈkɑːlədʒɪst/

【释】n. 生态学家

【形】ecology

resourceful /rɪˈsɔːrsfl/

【释】adj. 足智多谋的

【例】a resourceful leader

【近】ingenious, clever

【形】resource

fragility /frəˈdʒɪləti/

【释】n. 脆弱

【形】fragile

adrift /əˈdrɪft/

【释】adj. 漂浮着 (of a boat: floating on the water)

【例】The fisherman cast off the rope and set the boat adrift.

【释】adj. 漂泊的，茫然的 (without guidance, purpose, or support)

【例】Amy had the growing sense that she was adrift and isolated.

constrict /kənˈstrɪkt/

【释】v. 缩小，收缩 (make narrower)

【例】Her throat constricted and she swallowed hard.

【近】compress

【反】dilate

bemoan /bɪˈmoʊn/

【释】v. 惋惜 (express deep grief or distress over)

【例】He bemoans the fact that the team lost again.

【近】lament, mourn

【反】rejoice at, applaud

virtuoso /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

【释】n. 大师，行家 (a person who is extremely skilled at something)

【例】Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole was also a virtuoso on the piano.

【近】guru, master

【形】virtuosity

reciprocate /rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt/

【释】v. 同等回应；回报 (share the same feelings as someone else)

【例】What I did was to reciprocate the gesture he made to me.

【近】return, match

frigid /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/

【释】adj. 寒冷的，严寒的 (very cold)

【例】The frigid gusts of wind stung their faces.

【近】chilly, bitter

【反】hot, friendly

inferiority /ɪnˌfɪriˈɔːrəti/

【释】n. 低等

【反】superiority

【形】inferior

nourishment /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

【释】n. 营养食物；营养提供

【例】Forests provide cover and nourishment for deer.

【近】food, sustenance

【形】nourish

undisputed /ˌʌndɪˈspjuːtɪd/

【释】adj. 无可争辩的，无异议的 (accepted without dispute; unchallenged)

【例】the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world

【反】doubtful

vertebra /ˈvɜːrtɪbrə/

【释】n. 脊椎

【形】vertebrate

photosynthesis /ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/

【释】n. 光合作用

blemish /ˈblemɪʃ/

【释】n. 瑕疵，污点 (imperfection)

【例】The incident was a blemish on his record.

【近】flaw, defect

【释】v. 玷污，损害，弄脏

【例】He wasn’t about to blemish that pristine record.

inquisitive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/

【释】adj. 好奇的；爱钻研的

【释】adj. 好打听的

【近】curious, prying

nomad /ˈnoʊmæd/

【释】n. 游牧民；流浪者

【例】He lived like a nomad for a few years after college, never holding a job in one place for very long.

【近】itinerant, migrant

【形】nomadic

conflate /kənˈfleɪt/

【释】v. 合并 (bring together)

【例】Unfortunately the public conflated fiction with reality and made her into a saint.

【近】fuse

【释】v. 搞混

【例】Be careful not to conflate gossip with real news.

【近】confuse

overuse /ˌoʊvərˈjuːs/

【释】v. 过度使用

asymmetrical /ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪkl/

【释】adj. 不对称的 (having two sides or parts that are not the same in size or shape)

【例】asymmetrical triangles

【近】lopsided, disproportionate

【形】symmetrical

cosmology /kɑːzˈmɑːlədʒi/

【释】n. 宇宙学

elliptical /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

【释】adj. 省略(所以难懂的)的 (using few words and therefore hard to understand)

【例】a writer with an elliptical style

【近】obscure

【释】adj. 椭圆的

【例】an elliptical orbit

【近】oval

interracial /ˌɪntəˈreɪʃl/

【释】adj. 种族间的

【例】interracial harmony

finality /faɪˈnæləti/

【释】n. 定局；终结

【形】final

geothermal /ˌdʒiːoʊˈθɜːrml/

【释】adj. 地热的 (of, relating to, or produced by the internal heat of the earth)

【例】geothermal steam

rapidity /rəˈpɪdəti/

【释】n. 迅速；湍急

【例】Technology spreads with extraordinary rapidity.

【形】rapid

zenith /ˈzinɪθ/

【释】n. 顶峰，顶点 (the peak)

【例】His career reached its zenith in the 1960s.

【近】acme, climax

interstellar /ˌɪntərˈstelər/

【释】adj. 星际的 (occurring between stars)

【例】interstellar travel/space

inadvertent /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt/

【释】adj. 无意的，疏忽的 (done unintentionally)

【例】an inadvertent omission

【近】accidental, fortuitous

【反】deliberate, intentional

argumentative /ˌɑːrɡjuˈmentətɪv/

【释】adj. 好争论的 (given to expressing diver-gent or opposite views)

【例】He’s too argumentative to be part of a project in which teamwork is critical.

【释】n. 议论文的

inhospitable /ˌɪnhɑːˈspɪtəbl/

【释】adj. 不适合居住的 (difficult to live in)

【例】They had to trek for miles through inhospitable countryside.

【释】adj. 不友好的，不好客的 (unfriendly)

【近】hostile

heredity /həˈredəti/

【释】n. 遗传 (the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another)

【例】Heredity plays no part in the disease.

【近】inheritance

outgrowth /ˈaʊtɡroʊθ/

【释】n. 自然结果；副产物 (something that grows out of something else)

【例】Crime is often an outgrowth of poverty.

marshland /ˈmɑːrʃlænd/

【释】n. 沼泽地

【近】swamp

permeable /ˈpɜːrmiəbl/

【释】adj. 可渗透的 (allowing liquids or gases to pass through it)

【例】Certain types of sandstone are permeable to water.

【近】porous

【形】permeate

upend /ʌpˈend/

【释】v. 倒放，颠倒

deface /dɪˈfeɪs/

【释】v. 污损…的外观

【例】deface an inscription

【近】vandalize, disfigure

【形】defacement

pollinate /ˈpɑːləneɪt/

【释】v. 给…授粉 (convey pollen to or deposit pollen on)

【形】pollen

traceable /ˈtreɪsəbl/

【释】adj. 可追踪的

【形】trace

symbiosis /ˌsɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/

【释】n. [生态]共生 (two different organisms living in close physical association)

【形】symbiotic

airtight /ˈertaɪt/

【释】adj. 密封的 (tightly sealed so that no air can get in or out)

【释】adj. 无懈可击的 (too strong or effective to fail or to be defeated)

【例】an airtight defense

oversimplification /ˌoʊvərˌsɪmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

【释】n. 过于简单化

【例】This is a gross oversimplification of the facts.

【形】oversimplify

vaporize /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

【释】v. 使…蒸发 (convert into vapor)

【例】Pressure causes the chemical to vaporize.

【形】vapor

reducible /rɪˈduːsəbl/

【释】adj. [数]可约分的，可化简的

deprecate /ˈdeprəkeɪt/

【释】v. 反对；抨击 (criticize or express disapp-roval)

【例】He deprecates TV sitcoms as childish and simpleminded.

【近】disparage

【形】deprecation

diffidence /ˈdɪfɪdəns/

【释】n. 无自信；羞怯 (the quality or state of being diffident)

【近】shyness, coyness

【形】diffident

soundproof /ˈsaʊndpruːf/

【释】adj. 隔音的 (not allowing sound to enter or leave)

discoloration /ˌdɪsˌkʌləˈreɪʃn/

【释】n. 变色；污点 (the act of changing color in a bad way)

【例】He began to notice a few small discolo-rations on his skin and made an appointment to see the doctor.

【近】stain, spot, flaw

conductive /kənˈdʌktɪv/

【释】adj. 可传导的 (having conductivity)

【例】conductive material

【形】conduct

accomplished /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

【释】adj. 精通的；有修养的 (skillful and successful)

【例】an accomplished dancer

【近】refined, skilled

【释】adj. 成立的 (established beyond doubt or dispute)

【例】an accomplished fact

addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/

【释】adj. 上瘾的 (obsessed)

【例】become addicted to drugs

amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

【释】adj. 有趣的，好笑的 (funny or enjoyable)

【例】an amusing story

Antarctica /ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/

【释】n. 南极洲

arid /ˈærɪd/

【释】adj. 干旱的 (dry)

【例】an arid region

artificial /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl/

【释】adj. 人造的 (synthetic; not real)

【例】an artificial lake

【释】adj. 做作的

【例】an artificial smile

biased /ˈbaɪəst/

【释】adj. 有偏见的 (having or showing a bias)

【近】partial, prejudiced

【形】bias

by-product /ˈbaɪˌprɑːdʌkt/

【释】n. 副产品；附带结果 (something that happens as a result of something else)

coating /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

【释】n. 涂层 (a thin layer or covering of something)

complicated /ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪtɪd/

【释】adj. 复杂的 (hard to understand, explain, or deal with)

【例】a complicated issue

【近】convoluted, involved

【形】complication

compressed /kəmˈprest/

【释】adj. 压缩的 (pressed together)

【例】compressed files

【形】compression

degradation /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/

【释】n. 恶化 (the process of damaging or ruining something)

【例】environment degradation

【释】n. 堕落 (moral or intellectual decline)

【近】decadence, deterioration

【形】degrade

deprive of

【释】剥夺，失去 (remove, take something away)

【例】deprive someone of freedom

deserted /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

【释】adj. 荒芜的 (arid land with usually sparse vegetation)

【例】a deserted island

【释】adj. 被遗弃的 (forsaken)

devastate /ˈdevəsteɪt/

【释】v. 使压垮，(痛苦而)不知所措 (destroy)

【例】devastated by grief

【释】v. 毁坏

【例】a country devastated by war

【近】destroy, ravage

devoted /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

【释】adj. 献身的，忠诚的 (having strong love or loyalty for)

【例】a devoted fan

【近】adoring, fond

enduring /ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ/

【释】adj. 持久的 (continuing or long-lasting)

【例】What is the reason for the game’s enduring appeal?

【形】endure

ethic /ˈeθɪk/

【释】n. 道德准则 (a set of moral principles)

【例】The ethic of personal achievement is very strong in western societies.

【形】ethical

exacting /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

【释】adj. 严格要求的 (making great demands on one’s skill, attention, or other resources)

【例】products designed to meet the exacting standards of today’s marketplace

【近】demanding

fixed /fɪkst/

【释】adj. 固定的，牢固的 (not subject to change)

【例】a fixed income

【近】firm, stable

give away

【释】出卖，泄露 (betray, disclose, reveal)

【例】The insincerity of his apology was given away by that slight smirk on his face.

【释】分发 (send away)

【例】She gave away all her potted plants when she moved.

give rise to

【释】使发生，引起 (cause, produce)

guarded /ˈɡɑːrdɪd/

【释】adj. 谨慎的 (cautious)

【例】a guarded man who knew better than to reveal such delicate information

【近】circumspect

in favor of

【释】支持 (support)

【例】a verdict in favor of the accused

in terms of

【释】在…方面 (with respect to or in relation to)

【例】think of everything in terms of money

interconnected /ˌɪntərkəˈnektid/

【释】adj. 互相连接的 (mutually joined or related)

【例】interconnected highways

【释】adj. 有联系的 (having internal connections between the parts or elements)

life span

【释】寿命

【例】the average life span of house cats

make up

【释】组成 (constitute, compose)

【例】The committee is made up of six women.

【释】弥补 (compensate)

【例】make up for what has been lost

【释】化妆品

malnourishment /ˌmælˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

【释】n. 营养不良 (poor nutrition)

【例】poor children suffering from malnutrition

【形】malnourished

overwhelming /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/

【释】adj. 压倒性的，强大的 (very great or strong)

【例】an overwhelming majority

【释】adj. 难以承受的 (very difficult or confusing)

【例】an overwhelming task

pile up

【释】堆积 (gradually form a pile)

【例】Bales of cotton were piled up in the warehouse.

put up with

【释】忍受 (bear, suffer from)

【例】I’ll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.

refer to

【释】指的是

【例】Who did your remarks refer to?

【释】参考 (look at or in (something) for information)

【例】She often refers to her notes when giving a speech.

restrained /rɪˈstreɪnd/

【释】adj. 克制的，拘谨的 (showing careful self-control)

【例】restrained behavior

【近】conservative, repressed

slip into

【释】陷入，渐渐养成

【例】slip into the dark night

and so forth

【释】等等 (and the rest)

striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

【释】adj. 惊人的，显著的 (unusual or extreme in a way that attracts attention)

【例】a striking resemblance between the girls

【近】remarkable, outstanding

【释】adj. 惊艳的 (very attractive especially in an unusual or interesting way)

take into account

【释】考虑，顾及 (allow or plan for a certain possibility)

【例】He will take into account my request.

telling /ˈtelɪŋ/

【释】adj. 说明问题的 (giving information without intending to)

【例】a telling example

【释】adj. 有效的，有力的 (producing a strong or important effect)

【例】The most telling moment in the case was when the victim took the stand.

【近】compelling, convincing