Word List 9

gloat /ɡloʊt/

【释】v. 得意扬扬

【例】Richard’s been gloating ever since he won the lottery.

【近】delight

extravagance /ɪkˈstrævəɡəns/

【释】n. 挥霍；奢侈 (lack of restraint in spending money or use of resources)

【例】his reckless extravagance with money

【近】luxury

【释】n. 夸张的举动；放肆的言行 (excessive elaboration)

【例】the extravagance of Strauss’s music

【近】luxury, exaggeration

【形】extravagant

sardonic /sɑːrˈdɑːnɪk/

【释】adj. 讥讽的 (grimly mocking or cynical)

【例】Starkey attempted a sardonic smile.

【近】sarcastic, sharp

perturb /pərˈtɜːrb/

【释】v. 使不安 (make (someone) anxious or unsettled)

【例】They were perturbed that the bank had begun switching some of its problem loans.

【近】worry, upset, disturb

【反】reassure

colloquial /kəˈloʊkwiəl/

【释】adj. 口语的 (language used in ordinary or familiar conversation)

【例】“Movie” is a colloquial word for “moving picture.”

【近】conversational, idiomatic

【反】bookish, formal

malign /məˈlaɪn/

【释】adj. 恶意的；有害的

【例】a malign influence

【近】harmful

【反】beneficial

【释】v. 诽谤

【例】He maligned an innocent man.

【近】defame

【反】praise

exorbitant /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt/

【释】adj. 过高的 (unreasonably high)

【例】Investment remains tiny primarily because of the exorbitant cost of land.

【近】high, excessive

【反】reasonable

audacious /ɔːˈdeɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 大胆的 (showing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks)

【例】He was known for risky tactics that ranged from audacious to outrageous.

【近】bold, daring

【反】meek, mousy

【形】audacity

wistful /ˈwɪstfl/

【释】adj. 渴望的；留恋的 (having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing)

【例】I can’t help feeling slightly wistful about the perks I’m giving up.

oscillate /ˈɑːsɪleɪt/

【释】v. 使动摇，使震荡 (move or swing from side to side regularly)

【例】The president of the republic oscillated between a certain audacity and a prudent realism.

【近】swing

rover /ˈroʊvər/

【释】n. 漫游者

【例】They spent their first summer after graduation as a couple of carefree rovers.

【近】wanderer

egregious /ɪˈɡriːdʒiəs/

【释】adj. 极坏的；极严重的

【例】an egregious error of judgment

【近】shocking

【反】marvelous

observant /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

【释】adj. 善于观察的；敏锐的

【例】The farmer whose weather eye has been usurped by the radio has become less observant.

【近】alert

【反】asleep

【释】adj. 严格遵守的

【例】observant Jews

【形】observe, observation

crevice /ˈkrevɪs/

【释】n. 裂缝 (a narrow crack or gap, especially in a rock)

【例】They spend most of their time under a rock or crevice and feed mostly on mollusks and crustaceans.

【近】fissure, rift

unanimity /ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti/

【释】n. 同意，全体一致 (agreement by all people involved)

【例】There is almost complete unanimity on this issue.

【近】accord, concurrence, consensus

【反】conflict, disagreement

hyperbole /haɪˈpɜːrbəli/

【释】n. 夸张

【例】the media hyperbole that accompanied their championship series

【近】exaggeration

【反】understatement

【形】hyperbolic

fickle /ˈfɪkl/

【释】adj. 易变的 (changing frequently)

【例】Weather here is notoriously fickle.

【近】changeable

【反】constant

【形】fickleness

insurmountable /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

【释】adj. 无法克服的；无法逾越的

【例】an insurmountable problem

【近】insuperable, impossible

【反】superable, surmountable

【形】surmount

enmity /ˈenməti/

【释】n. 敌意

【例】a world free from enmity between nations and races

【近】hostility, friction, bitterness, aversion

【反】friendship

【形】enemy

rejuvenate /rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt/

【释】v. 使年轻，使有活力

【例】The short nap rejuvenated me.

【近】revive, regenerate

【反】extinguish, quench, suppress

illusory /ɪˈluːsəri/

【释】adj. 虚幻的；虚假的 (based on illusion; not real)

【例】The comfort these theories give is illusory.

【近】imaginary, fanciful

【反】genuine

【形】illusion

opulent /ˈɑːpjələnt/

【释】adj. 豪华的 (ostentatiously rich or lavish)

【例】Most of the cash went on supporting his opulent lifestyle.

【近】luxurious, sumptuous

succinct /səkˈsɪŋkt/

【释】adj. 简明的

【例】Just a succinct report, please.

【近】concise

【反】verbose

hypnotize /ˈhɪpnətaɪz/

【释】v. 对…施催眠术

【例】He had been hypnotized as a stunt.

【近】mesmerize

【释】v. 使着迷

【例】They were hypnotized by the dancers.

【近】entrance

【形】hypnotic, hypnotizing

indelible /ɪnˈdeləbl/

【释】adj. 难以去除的 (not able to be forgotten or removed)

【例】It leaves indelible stains on clothes.

【近】permanent, lasting

convoluted /ˈkɑːnvəluːtɪd/

【释】adj. 错综复杂的 (very complicated and difficult to understand)

【例】At base stands a profound respect for the integrity of history and the complex and convoluted relationship between present and the past.

【近】byzantine, complicated

【反】plain, uncomplicated

【释】adj. 盘绕的，弯曲的 (having many twists and curves)

【例】They are pictures of convoluted tree trunks on an island.

【反】plain

【形】convolute

chastise /tʃæˈstaɪz/

【释】v. 责备；体罚 (punish, as for wrongdoing)

【例】He chastised his colleagues for their laziness.

【近】scold, rebuke

【反】praise

extraterrestrial /ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl/

【释】n./adj. 地外的(生物) (a hypothetical or fictional being from outer space)

【例】NASA started a search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

cajole /kəˈdʒoʊl/

【释】v. 劝诱

【例】I hate it when he cajoles me to go out with his friends.

【近】persuade, coax, seduce

【形】cajolery

panacea /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

【释】n. 灵丹妙药；万能药

【例】a panacea for the country’s economic problems

【近】cure-all medicine

brevity /ˈbrevəti/

【释】n. 简洁

【例】The report is notable for its brevity.

【近】conciseness, shortness

【反】lengthiness

【释】n. 短暂

【例】the brevity of human life

【近】shortness

【形】brief

despicable /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

【释】adj. 卑鄙的 (deserving hatred and contempt)

【例】These were particularly despicable crimes.

【近】loathsome, awful, shameful

【反】admirable

【形】despicableness, despicably

paucity /ˈpɔːsəti/

【释】n. 不足

【例】a paucity of information

【近】scarcity, shortage, poverty, deficiency, lack

【反】abundance

sensuous /ˈsenʃuəs/

【释】adj. 愉悦感官的

【例】They lived amid sensuous surroundings.

【近】aesthetically pleasing

【反】extrasensory, intuitional

【释】adj. 性感的；令人着迷的

【例】sensuous lips

【近】sexually attractive

belittle /bɪˈlɪtl/

【释】v. 贬低 (make seem unimportant)

【例】We mustn’t belittle her outstanding achievement.

【近】depreciate, derogate

【反】praise, magnify

【形】belittled, belittling

acumen /ˈækjəmən/

【释】n. 精明

【例】She is noted for her business acumen.

【近】understanding, awareness, wisdom

【反】guilelessness, ingenuousness, innocence

posthumous /ˈpɑːstʃəməs/

【释】adj. 死后获得的 (occurring, awarded, or appearing after the death of the originator)

【例】His family and supporters have campaigned for many years for a posthumous pardon.

tinge /tɪndʒ/

【释】n. 淡色；些许味道 (a small amount of a color incorporated or added)

【例】Her brown hair had a slight tinge of grey.

【释】v. 染上少许颜色 (apply a trace of color to)

【近】tint, color, stain

【反】fade

governess /ˈɡʌvərnəs/

【释】n. 女家庭教师

assuage /əˈsweɪdʒ/

【释】v. 缓解 (make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense)

【例】To assuage his wife’s grief, he took her on a tour of Europe.

【近】relieve, soothe, mitigate

【反】aggravate, exacerbate

【释】v. 满足 (satisfy (thirst))

【例】The meat they’d managed to procure assuaged their hunger.

【形】assuagement

capricious /kəˈprɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 变化无常的；突发奇想的 (impulsive or unpredictable)

【例】capricious decisions; capricious weather

【近】changeable, variable, volatile, unpredictable

【反】consistent

steadfast /ˈstedfæst/

【释】adj. 坚定的 (resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering)

【例】a steadfast policy

【释】adj. 忠实的

【例】a steadfast friend

【近】loyal, faithful, reliable

【反】disloyal, faithless

【形】steadfastly, steadfastness

balm /bɑːm/

【释】n. 香气，香味，芳香

【近】aroma, fragrance

【反】malodor, stink

【释】n. 慰藉物，安慰物

【例】Art can be a balm to the soul.

【形】balmy

didactic /daɪˈdæktɪk/

【释】adj. 教导的

【例】He is more didactic in his approach to the learning process.

【近】instructive, informative, pedagogic

【形】didactically, didacticism

demarcation /ˌdiːmɑːrˈkeɪʃn/

【释】n. 界限，边界

【例】territorial demarcations

【近】boundary

【释】n. 区分，划分

【例】clear demarcation of function

【近】distinction

【形】demarcate

extrinsic /eksˈtrɪnsɪk/

【释】adj. 外在的；外部的

【例】climate, geography, and other extrinsic factors

【近】external, exterior, outside

【反】intrinsic

【形】extrinsically

regal /ˈriːɡl/

【释】adj. 帝王的 (of or fit for a monarch)

【例】He sat with such regal dignity.

【近】imperial

【反】humble, unheroic

【形】regally

abhor /əbˈhɔːr/

【释】v. 憎恶 (regard with disgust and hatred)

【例】Professional tax preparers abhor a flat tax because it would dry up their business.

【近】detest, hate, despise

【反】love, admire

【形】abhorrence

prosaic /prəˈzeɪɪk/

【释】adj. 枯燥的 (lacking poetic beauty)

【例】He has a prosaic writing style.

【近】ordinary, conventional

【反】abnormal, exceptional

【形】prosaically

hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/

【释】n. 傲慢自大 (excessive pride or self-confidence)

【例】The hubris among economists was shaken.

【近】conceit, pride

【反】humility

【形】hubristic

aberrant /æˈberənt/

【释】adj. 反常的 (straying from the right or normal way)

【例】Aberrant behavior can be a sign of rabies in a wild animal.

【近】exceptional, aberrated, abnormal

【反】common, customary, normal

【形】aberrance, aberrantly

oratory /ˈɔːrətɔːri/

【释】n. 演讲术

【释】n. 雄辩的言辞；华丽的词藻

【例】Dr. King was noted for his oratory.

【近】rhetoric

digression /daɪˈɡreʃn/

【释】n. 离题

【例】a book full of long digressions

【近】deviation, diversion

【形】digress, digressional, digressionary

extrovert /ˈekstrəvɜːrt/

【释】n./adj. 性格外向的(人)

【例】Like many extroverts, he is unhappy inside.

【近】outgoing

【反】introvert

irrevocable /ɪˈrevəkəbl/

【释】adj. 不可撤回的 (not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered)

【例】She has made an irrevocable decision.

【近】irreversible, final, permanent

【反】temporary

【形】irrevocability, irrevocably

vandalize /ˈvændəlaɪz/

【释】v. 蓄意破坏

【例】Several parked cars have been vandalized on this street in the past three months.

【近】destroy, despoil

【反】conserve, preserve

【形】vandalized, vandalizing

juggernaut /ˈdʒʌɡərnɔːt/

【释】n. 不可抗拒的力量

【例】a juggernaut of secular and commercial culture

【释】n. 大型载重车辆(尤指卡车)

【近】lorry

sustenance /ˈsʌstənəns/

【释】n. 食物，生计 (food and drink)

【例】the slaughter of animals for sustenance

【近】nourishment, food

【释】n. 维持

【例】the sustenance of the family

【近】maintenance

formulaic /ˌfɔːrmjuˈleɪɪk/

【释】adj. 刻板的

【例】The homes here are not the products of a formulaic design.

【近】conventional, stock

【形】formula

diminution /ˌdɪmɪˈnuːʃn/

【释】n. 减少，降低

【例】A diminution of freedom reduces the quality of life.

【近】reduction, decrease, decline

【反】boost, enlargement, gain

【形】diminutive

transitory /ˈtrænsətɔːri/

【释】adj. 短暂的

【例】transitory fashions

【近】temporary, brief

【反】permanent

【形】transitorily

heretic /ˈherətɪk/

【释】n. 异教徒；离经叛道者

【近】dissenter, nonconformist, atheist

【反】believer

flagrant /ˈfleɪɡrənt/

【释】adj. 骇人听闻的；丑恶可耻的

【例】It was a flagrant distortion of the facts.

【近】blatant, terrible, outrageous

【反】imperceptible, inconspicuous

salutary /ˈsæljəteri/

【释】adj. 有益的 (producing good effects)

【例】It was a salutary lesson to see the whole team so easily defeated.

【近】beneficial, profitable, productive

【反】disadvantageous, unfavorable

fluster /ˈflʌstər/

【释】n./v. (使)慌乱

【例】She was flustered by his presence.

【近】unsettle, agitation

【反】calm

horoscope /ˈhɔːrəskoʊp/

【释】n. 星象；占星术

sedative /ˈsedətɪv/

【释】n./adj. 镇静剂(的)

【例】sedative drugs

【近】relaxing, tranquilizing

【反】invigorating, stimulant

【形】sedate

harbinger /ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər/

【释】n. 预告者 (a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another)

【例】I long to see the robins, crocuses, and other harbingers of spring.

【近】foregoer, forerunner

reverie /ˈrevəri/

【释】n. 遐想 (a state of being pleasantly lost in one’s thoughts)

【例】I slipped into reverie.

annul /əˈnʌl/

【释】v. 宣告…无效；废除

【例】Their parents wanted to get the marriage annulled.

【近】declare invalid, repeal

【反】restore

abridge /əˈbrɪdʒ/

【释】v. 删节 (shorten without losing the sense)

【例】A book publisher may alter or abridge a work with the permission of the copyright owner.

【近】shorten, cut, trim

【反】lengthen

immutable /ɪˈmjuːtəbl/

【释】adj. 不可改变的

【例】The subtext of the liturgy had always been God’s immutable power.

【近】set, unchanging

【反】variable

equivocal /ɪˈkwɪvəkl/

【释】adj. 模棱两可的 (open to more than one interpretation)

【例】His equivocal response has done nothing to dampen the speculation.

【近】ambiguous

【反】definite

whirlpool /ˈwɜːrlpuːl/

【释】n. 旋涡 (a powerful circular current of water)

【例】They felt they were being sucked into a whirlpool of publicity.

【近】eddy, vortex

realign /ˌriːəˈlaɪn/

【释】v. 调整…的位置

【例】They worked to relieve his shoulder pain and realign the joint.

【释】v. 重新结盟

【例】He wished to realign himself with Bagehot’s more pessimistic position.

【形】realignment

automaton /ɔːˈtɑːmətən/

【释】n. 动作机械的人 (someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way)

【例】I get sick of being thought of as a political automaton.

【释】n. 机器人

【近】robot

vehement /ˈviːəmənt/

【释】adj. 强烈的 (showing strong feeling; forceful, passionate, or intense)

【例】Her voice was low but vehement.

【近】passionate, ardent, urgent, violent, fierce

【反】mild

【形】vehemently

opacity /oʊˈpæsəti/

【释】n. 不透明；浑浊

【例】Thinner paints need black added to increase opacity.

【近】cloudiness, obscurity

【反】transparency, clarity

【释】n. 无法理解；难懂

【例】the opacity of his arguments

transgress /trænzˈɡres/

【释】v. 违背；侵犯 (infringe or go beyond the bounds of)

【例】to transgress a treaty

【近】breach, disobey

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/

【释】adj. 鲜美多汁的；肉质的 ((of food) tender, juicy, and tasty)

【例】succulent black grapes

【近】juicy

【反】dry

【释】n. 肉质植物

【例】a succulent plant

【形】succulently

connote /kəˈnoʊt/

【释】v. 意味着；含言外之意 (make you think about (something) in addition to the word’s meaning)

【例】For her, the word “family” connotes love and comfort.

imitator /ˈɪmɪteɪtər/

【释】n. 模仿者；仿制品

【例】She has many imitators.

【近】copier, emulator

【形】imitate

jubilant /ˈdʒuːbɪlənt/

【释】adj. 欣喜若狂的 (feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph)

【例】the jubilant crowds of Paris

【近】triumphant, joyful, exuberant

【反】defeated, dejected, depressed

furtive /ˈfɜːrtɪv/

【释】adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的 (attempting to avoid notice or attention)

【例】With a furtive glance over her shoulder, she unlocked the door and entered the house.

【近】secret, sly

【反】open

【形】furtively, furtiveness

irreconcilable /ɪˈrekənsaɪləbl/

【释】adj. 势不两立的；不相容的

【例】These two views of the early medieval economy are irreconcilable.

【近】incompatible, exclusive

【反】compatible, similar

【形】irreconcilability

omnipresent /ˌɑːmnɪˈpreznt/

【释】adj. 无处不在的 (widely or constantly encountered)

【例】The sound of sirens was an omnipresent background noise in New York.

【近】boundless, prevalent, reaching

【反】confined, finite, limited

auspicious /ɔːˈspɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 吉利的 (conducive to success)

【例】Thanks for joining us on this auspicious occasion.

【近】favorable, promising

【反】depressing, desperate

【形】auspiciously

deferential /ˌdefəˈrenʃl/

【释】adj. 恭敬的

【例】People were always deferential to him.

【近】respectful, humble, obedient

【反】disrespectful, undutiful

【形】deference

circumspect /ˈsɜːrkəmspekt/

【释】adj. 慎重的，细心的 (wary and unwilling to take risks)

【例】The officials were very circumspect in their statements.

【近】cautious, wary

【反】heedless, incautious

【形】circumspection

serpentine /ˈsɜːrpəntiːn/

【释】adj. 蜿蜒的；弯弯曲曲的 (curving and winding in shape, like a snake when it moves)

【例】Dragons are legendary creatures, typically with serpentine or otherwise reptilian traits, that feature in the myths of many cultures.

【近】zigzag

【反】straight, straightaway

【形】serpentinely

ceaseless /ˈsiːsləs/

【释】adj. 不停的 (seeming to never stop)

【例】the ceaseless flow of traffic

【近】continuous, continual

【反】discontinuous

【形】ceaselessly, ceaselessness

infinitesimal /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪml/

【释】adj. 极小的，无穷小的 (extremely small)

【例】These infinitesimal organisms can cause monstrously huge problems.

【近】minute, tiny, minuscule, microscopic

【反】enormous

【形】infinitesimally

abominable /əˈbɑːmɪnəbl/

【释】adj. 恶劣的 (causing moral revulsion)

【例】The uprising was suppressed with abominable cruelty.

【近】loathsome, hateful, disgusting, offensive

【反】good, admirable

【形】abominably

ungainly /ʌnˈɡeɪnli/

【释】adj. 笨拙的 (moving in a way that is not smooth or elegant)

【例】They were as ungainly as fifth-grade boys taking dance lessons in a foot of snow.

【近】awkward, clumsy

【反】graceful

inexhaustible /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbl/

【释】adj. 用之不竭的 (impossible to use up completely)

【例】The world’s supply of oil is not inexhaustible.

【释】adj. 不知疲倦的

【近】indefatigable, tireless

【反】indolent, lackadaisical

【形】inexhaustibility, inexhaustibleness, inexhaustibly

unfathomable /ʌnˈfæðəməbl/

【释】adj. 深不可测的

【例】the unfathomable reaches of space

【释】adj. 不可理解的；难以捉摸的

【例】unfathomable mysteries

【近】incomprehensible, obscure

【反】penetrable

【形】unfathomably

omniscient /ɑːmˈnɪsiənt/

【释】adj. 全能的，无所不知的

【例】a benevolent and omniscient deity

【近】wise

【形】omnisciently

tyrannical /tɪˈrænɪkl/

【释】adj. 专制的；残暴的 (exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way)

【例】a momentary quieting of her tyrannical appetite

【近】harsh, strict, cruel

【反】liberal

【形】tyrannically

ruminate /ˈruːmɪneɪt/

【释】v. 沉思 (think deeply about something)

【例】We sat ruminating on the nature of existence.

【近】think about, contemplate, meditate on

【释】v. 反刍