Word List 5

fraternity /frəˈtɜːrnəti/

【释】n. 友爱 (friendship and support between people who feel they are closely linked to each other)

【例】Bob needs the fraternity of others who share his mission.

【近】brotherhood, friendship

obligate /ˈɑblɪˌɡeɪt/

【释】v. 迫使 (make someone do something)

【例】The contract obligates the firm to complete their work in six weeks.

【近】force

【形】obligation

precarious /prɪˈkerəriəs/

【释】adj. 不稳定的，危险的

【例】He earned a precarious livelihood by gambling.

【近】uncertain, unsettled

【反】stable

throng /θrɔːŋ/

【释】n. 一大群 (a large, densely packed crowd of people or animals)

【例】The jubilant throng is like the waves of the sea.

【近】crowd, horde, mass, flock

【释】v. 聚集，挤满 (fill or be present in)

【例】Customers thronged the mall for the sales.

quaint /kweɪnt/

【释】adj. 古色古香的；老派的 (attractively unusual or old-fashioned)

【例】The fishing village is very quaint.

【反】modern

【释】adj. 奇怪的

【例】The writer talks about the quaint customs of the natives.

【近】strange, bizarre, eccentric

【反】normal, ordinary

bombard /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/

【释】v. 轰炸，炮击 (throw bombs at or attack with bombs)

【例】The navy bombarded the shore.

【近】pound, batter

fable /ˈfeɪbl/

【释】n. 寓言；神话 (a short moral story)

【近】tale, myth, legend

【释】n. 谣传，无稽之谈 (a deliberately false or improbable account)

【例】He combines fact and fable to make a more interesting story.

【近】rumor

【反】reality, fact

feud /fjuːd/

【释】v. 长期争执 (have a quarrel that lasts a long time)

【例】He feuded with his ex-wife.

【释】n. 积怨

【例】Insults only served to inflame the feud.

【近】rivalry, foe

protract /proʊˈtrækt/

【释】v. 延长 (lengthen or extend)

【例】The highway project was protracted by years of litigation.

【近】stretch, prolong, extend

【反】abridge, curtail

dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/

【释】v. 使消散 (disperse or scatter)

【例】The fog should dissipate soon.

【近】disappear, vanish

【反】gather, concentrate

【释】v. 浪费 (squander or fritter away)

【例】Don’t dissipate your efforts.

【近】squander, scatter

mischief /ˈmɪstʃɪf/

【释】n. 恶作剧

【例】The boy is always up to mischief.

【释】n. 损害

【形】mischievous

ledger /ˈledʒər/

【释】n. 账本

monstrous /ˈmɑːnstrəs/

【释】adj. 巨大的 (extremely or unusually large)

【例】a monstrous melon

【释】adj. 怪异的 (very ugly, cruel or weird)

【例】She endured his monstrous behavior for years.

clench /klentʃ/

【释】v. 紧握 (a contraction or tightening of part of the body)

【例】He clenched his fists in anger.

【近】grip, grasp, grab, clutch

【释】v. 钉牢

relapse /rɪˈlæps/

【释】v./n. 复发

【例】Malaria can relapse years after the original infection.

elapse /ɪˈlæps/

【释】n./v. 流逝 (pass or go by)

【例】Ten hours have elapsed since his arrival.

【近】pass

fresco /ˈfreskoʊ/

【释】n. 壁画 (a picture painted on a plastered wall)

【例】The medium of fresco makes great demands on a painter’s technical skill.

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/

【释】adj. 疯狂的，愚蠢的 (extremely foolish or mentally ill)

【例】Everyone is laughing at his lunatic ideas.

【近】insane

【释】n. 精神病人

【例】People who were mentally ill used to be called lunatics.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

【释】n. 麻醉剂

queer /kwɪr/

【释】adj. 奇怪的

【例】I have a queer feeling that something bad is about to happen.

【近】odd, strange

【反】normal

【释】v. 搞糟

【例】The sudden storm queered our plans.

grotesque /ɡroʊˈtesk/

【释】adj. 极丑的 (comically or repulsively ugly or distorted)

【例】a grotesque statue of the devil

【近】ugly

【释】adj. 荒谬的，奇怪的

【例】The actors wore dark capes and grotesque masks.

【近】abnormal

【反】normal

prick /prɪk/

【释】n./v. 刺，戳 (make a small hole in something with a sharp point)

【例】The nurse pricked my finger and squeezed out a drop of blood.

【近】pierce, puncture, stab

flair /fler/

【释】n. 天资，天分 (a natural ability to do something well)

【例】Melody has a flair for languages.

【近】talent, gift

knuckle /ˈnʌkl/

【释】n. 关节

caterpillar /ˈkætərpɪlər/

【释】n. 毛虫 (a small, worm-like animal)

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/

【释】adj. 迟缓的 (slow-moving or inactive)

【例】The economy remains sluggish.

【近】slow

【反】vigorous, brisk

stiffen /ˈstɪfn/

【释】v. 变硬，僵住 (become completely still)

【例】She stiffened when he grabbed her shoulder.

【释】v. 变猛烈 (make something more severe or strong)

【例】The law would stiffen penalties for tax evasion.

hearth /hɑːrθ/

【释】n. 灶台，壁炉 (the floor of a fireplace)

【例】It was winter and there was a huge fire roaring in the hearth.

【近】fireplace

espionage /ˈespiənɑːʒ/

【释】n. 间谍活动

【例】He was charged with several counts of espionage.

punitive /ˈpjuːnətɪv/

【释】adj. 惩罚性的

【例】The federal government will take punitive action against the company that polluted the river.

【释】adj. 苛刻的

【例】Lobbyists complain that the bill would impose punitive taxes on the industry.

【近】harsh

confiscate /ˈkɑːnfɪskeɪt/

【释】v. 没收 (take or seize (someone’s property) with authority)

【例】The teacher confiscated all cell phones for the duration of the field trip.

fixation /fɪkˈseɪʃn/

【释】n. 痴迷 (an obsessive or unhealthy attachment)

【例】The country’s fixation on the war may lead to serious problems.

【近】fetish

scold /skoʊld/

【释】v. 责骂 (remonstrate with or rebuke (someone) angrily)

【例】Mom took Anna away, scolding her for her bad behavior.

【近】rebuke, reproach

【反】praise

ebb /eb/

【释】n./v. 衰退 (move away from the land)

【例】The fortunes of the town slowly ebbed as the factory closed.

【近】decline, regress

【释】v. 退潮

【例】waiting for the tide to ebb

bonfire /ˈbɑːnfaɪər/

【释】n. 篝火

counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

【释】v. 抵消；中和 (act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralize it)

【例】The drug will counteract the poison.

【近】offset

superstition /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃn/

【释】n. 迷信 (excessively credulous belief in supernatural beings)

【例】It is a common superstition that a black cat crossing your path is bad luck.

【近】myth, belief

disconcert /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrt/

【释】v. 使不安，使惊讶 (disturb the composure of; unsettle)

【例】News of his criminal past has disconcerted even his admires.

【近】rattle

【释】v. 使尴尬

【例】His compliments disconcerted her a little.

【释】v. 使困惑

【例】We were disconcerted by the unexpected changes to the program.

【近】confound, confuse

pedigree /ˈpedɪɡriː/

【释】n. 家谱，血统

【例】The horse is from a royal family and has an impressive pedigree.

【近】ancestry, extraction

【释】n. 起源

tint /tɪnt/

【释】n. 色彩；染色 (a shade or variety of color)

【例】She got a red tint at the salon.

【近】shade, color

【形】tinted

pathogen /ˈpæθədʒən/

【释】n. 病原体 (any organism that can cause disease in a person, animal or plant)

hump /hʌmp/

【形】【释】n. 圆隆起物

【近】protuberance

crackle /ˈkrækl/

【释】v./n. (发出)噼啪声 (make continuous short sounds like the sound of wood burning)

【例】The logs crackled in the fire.

【近】hiss, crack, snap

horde /hɔːrd/

【释】n. 一大群

【例】A horde of tourists entered the museum.

【近】crowd

paternal /pəˈtɜːrnl/

【释】adj. 父系的

【例】He did not neglect his paternal responsibilities after the divorce.

【近】fatherly

throb /θrɑːb/

【释】n./v. 抽动；颤动 (feel a series of strong and usually painful beats)

【例】His hands throbbed because of fear.

【近】pound

corollary /ˈkɔːrəleri/

【释】n. 推论；必然的结果 (a practical conse-quence that follows naturally)

【例】The number of prisoners increased as a corollary of the government’s determination to combat violent crime.

【近】consequence, result

conservatory /kənˈsɜːrvətɔːri/

【释】n. 温室

【近】greenhouse

【释】n. 音乐学院

errand /ˈerənd/

【释】n. 差事，使命

【例】He was sent out on an urgent errand.

【近】task, mission

rapport /ræˈpɔːr/

【释】n. 友好

【例】Charlie quickly developed a good rapport with the other teachers.

【近】affinity, relationship

trample /ˈtræmpl/

【释】v. 踩踏 (tread on and crush)

【例】Her dog trampled on his tulips.

【近】tread

【释】v. 蔑视 (treat with contempt)

【例】They say loggers are destroying rain forests and trampling on the rights of natives.

【近】disregard

tamper /ˈtæmpər/

【释】v. 篡改，干预

【例】Don’t tamper with my business.

【近】interfere

guild /ɡɪld/

【释】n. 协会 (an organization of people with similar interests)

【例】the writers’ guild

【近】association

prelude /ˈpreljuːd/

【释】n. 开端 (an action or event serving as an introduction to something more important)

【例】For Charlie, reading was a necessary prelude to sleep.

【近】opening

【释】n. 前奏 (music that precedes a fugue or introduces an act in an opera)

unwind /ˌʌnˈwaɪnd/

【释】v. 解开

【例】Ella unwound the scarf from her neck.

【近】unravel

【释】v. 放松

【例】He liked to unwind after work.

ruffle /ˈrʌfl/

【释】v. 抚弄；弄皱 (disorder or disarrange)

【例】The evening breeze ruffled the pond.

【释】v. 激怒 (cause to become angry or upset)

【例】My refusal to his proposal ruffled him.

【近】irritate

scorch /skɔːrtʃ/

【释】v. 烧焦

【例】The buildings were scorched by the fire.

clot /klɑːt/

【释】n./v. 凝块；使凝结成块

【例】blood clot

【近】lump, coagulate

revamp /ˈriːvæmp/

【释】n./v. 改进 (give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to)

【例】All the country’s political parties have accepted that it is time to revamp the system.

【近】renovate, refurbish

disband /dɪsˈbænd/

【释】v. 解散

【例】All the armed groups will be disbanded.

【近】dismiss

【反】assemble

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/

【释】n. 唾液

【近】spit

tremor /ˈtremər/

【释】n. 震颤 (an involuntary quivering movement)

【例】He felt a tremor of apprehension.

【近】tremble, quiver

【释】n. 小地震 (a small earthquake)

forfeit /ˈfɔːrfət/

【释】n. 罚金

【例】That is the forfeit he must pay for his wrong behavior.

【近】penalty

【释】v. 被迫放弃

【例】Latecomers will forfeit their places.

【反】retain

gulp /ɡʌlp/

【释】v./n. 狼吞虎咽(尤指液体) (a quick swallow of a large amount of a drink)

【例】Erin quickly gulped her soda.

【近】swallow, devour

trifle /ˈtraɪfl/

【释】n. 琐事 (something of little importance or value)

【例】Don’t lose your temper over such a trifle.

perjury /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

【释】n. 伪证

【例】She was found guilty of perjury.

bogus /ˈboʊɡəs/

【释】adj. 假的，伪造的

【例】The evidence was completely bogus.

【近】artificial

【反】genuine

ransom /ˈrænsəm/

【释】n. 赎金

【例】They demanded a huge ransom.

【释】v. 赎回

【例】The girl was ransomed for $4 million.

suffocate /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/

【释】v. 使窒息而死 (die or cause to die from lack of air or inability to breathe)

【例】The victims were found suffocated.

【近】smother, choke

majestic /məˈdʒestɪk/

【释】adj. 雄伟的 (having or showing impressive beauty or dignity)

【例】a majestic Egyptian pyramid that has enthralled travelers for decades

【近】magnificent, splendid

【形】majesty

hive /haɪv/

【释】n. 蜂巢

【释】n. 热闹的场所

【例】In the morning the house was a hive of activity.

ghastly /ˈɡæstli/

【释】adj./adv. 可怕的(地) (causing great horror or fear)

【例】You’re making a ghastly mistake.

【近】dreadful

tantrum /ˈtæntrəm/

【释】n. 怒气

【例】Tom craves attention like a child having a temper tantrum.

【近】temper, rage

ferocious /fəˈroʊʃəs/

【释】adj. 凶猛的 (savagely fierce, cruel, or violent)

【例】A ferocious wind swept Xiamen.

【释】adj. 激烈的

【例】The competition among the students was ferocious.

【近】acute, intensive

【反】moderate

strew /struː/

【释】v. 散播 (scatter or spread (things) untidily over a surface or area)

【例】The black sky was strewn with twinkle stars.

【近】scatter, spread, disperse

endemic /enˈdemɪk/

【释】adj. 地方性的 (regularly found among particular people or in a certain area)

【例】The fish is not an endemic species of the lake.

【释】adj. 常见的

【例】Discrimination against Catholics is endemic in Northern Ireland’s institutions.

infuse /ɪnˈfjuːz/

【释】v. 注入；灌输 (fill; pervade)

【例】Tom infused Jerry with the new idea of democracy.

【释】v. 泡(茶)；浸泡

【例】Let the tea infuse for a while.

【近】steep

【形】infusing

seclude /sɪˈkluːd/

【释】v. 隔离 (keep (someone) away from other people)

【例】He secluded himself in his study to write a book.

【形】secluded, seclusion

ooze /uːz/

【释】v. 流出，渗出 (release in drops or small quantities)

【例】Blood was still oozing from the wound.

pry /praɪ/

【释】v. 刺探 (inquire too closely into a person’s private affairs)

【例】I’m sick of you prying into my personal life.

【释】v. 撬动

【例】We use an iron bar to pry open the box.

promulgate /ˈprɑːmlɡeɪt/

【释】v. 宣传

【例】Her ideas have been widely promulgated on the Internet.

【近】trumpet

【释】v. 颁布；公布

【例】The law was promulgated in 1942.

【近】proclaim

deadlock /ˈdedlɑːk/

【释】n./v. (陷入)僵局，相持不下

【例】They called for a compromise on all sides to break the deadlock in the world trade talks.

【近】impasse

【释】n. 插销锁

exasperate /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪt/

【释】v. 激怒 (irritate intensely; infuriate)

【例】Passengers were exasperated by the delays.

【近】aggravate, irritate, ruffle

treason /ˈtriːzn/

【释】n. 背叛；不忠

【例】He is guilty of treason.

【近】perfidy, treachery

【反】allegiance, fidelity

gild /ɡɪld/

【释】v. 镀金；修饰 (give a specious or false brilliance to)

【例】gild the lily 画蛇添足；多此一举

【近】elaborate, embellish

instantaneous /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

【释】adj. 瞬间的，即刻的

【例】We got an almost instantaneous response from the company.

【近】immediate, instant

【反】delayed

【形】instant

amiable /ˈeɪmiəbl/

【释】adj. 亲切的，友善的 (having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner)

【例】They reached an amicable agreement.

【近】agreeable, congenial

【反】disagreeable

retaliate /rɪˈtælieɪt/

【释】v. 报复 (make an attack or assault in return for a similar attack)

【例】The gang will look for an opportunity to retaliate.

【近】revenge, fight back

curfew /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

【释】n. 宵禁令；宵禁

【例】They raced back to the dormitory before the nine o’clock curfew.

uncanny /ʌnˈkæni/

【释】adj. 离奇的，不可思议的 (strange or mysterious)

【例】an uncanny ability to foresee the future

【近】mysterious

plunder /ˈplʌndər/

【释】n./v. 掠夺(物)；抢劫

【例】The village was plundered by the invading army.

【近】pillage

gush /ɡʌʃ/

【释】n./v. 涌出；迸发 (flow out in a rapid and plentiful stream)

【例】Oil gushed from the well.

【近】surge, burst, spill

【释】v. 夸张地赞扬

【例】I’m tired of hearing her gush about her boyfriend.

strife /straɪf/

【释】n. 冲突 (angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues)

【例】These countries have been immersed in political strife for more than a hundred years.

【近】conflict, friction, discord

【反】concord

glisten /ˈɡlɪsn/

【释】v. 闪光，闪耀

【例】His forehead was glistening with sweat.

【近】gleam, sparkle