- 图说食用菌高效栽培(全彩版)
- 涂改临
- 8字
- 2024-11-28 17:55:04
第一章 食用菌概述
第一节 食用菌主要类别
一、食用菌的分类地位
从分类地位上来讲,食用菌类均属于生物中的真菌界、真菌门中的担子菌亚门和子囊菌亚门(图1-1),其中约95%的食用菌为担子菌亚门。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/10_01.jpg?sign=1734386842-C0uta5oC8HNPRSNqxtYVI8meLngM3Ot8-0-257f0ac35f4a2a649c7dc1d29a52d4a7)
图1-1 食用菌在生物中的分类地位
二、担子菌亚门中的食用菌代表
目前,绝大多数常见的和广泛栽培的食用菌均属于担子菌亚门,在生产上它们大致可分为四大类群,即耳类、非褶菌类、伞菌类和腹菌类(图1-2)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/10_02.jpg?sign=1734386842-1eB8BYhKhU0u2Uqg09n9KnOo9OCGvzpR-0-bfb503f2653e862b4d7d8c62954d73bb)
图1-2 担子菌亚门中的食用菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_01.jpg?sign=1734386842-d3vltf97ekrBzi84eClxxRCqOX36tGj1-0-34755e3ec009f27035a3951123855453)
图1-3 黑木耳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_02.jpg?sign=1734386842-H8BiIujvyRx7rR9H1AERxUmHkb08kuz2-0-6cf751f35d99854dc6c49953c021887d)
图1-4 银耳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_03.jpg?sign=1734386842-aScVOzawKI3EHuknVSzBzTUPtl2xnllJ-0-e253eb4d8a9bd43d154547597ce39d18)
图1-5 猴头菇
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_04.jpg?sign=1734386842-01IxDMuLxzllWuQ07giLUSS9cKLJQMmk-0-b77a52ab3098e6beb814c4949f75ed51)
图1-6 灵芝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_05.jpg?sign=1734386842-qZW0KP7QI3dK581UaWP5uFdiY0qlDphA-0-02ff566e7d234eb3980299930188d7c3)
图1-7 卵孢小奥德蘑(商品名:黑皮鸡枞)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_06.jpg?sign=1734386842-kFXrQ3WS42AFng6pGZuXOJUHUKQFvxfl-0-48e8fe9aee714dbcc8a2f61483b943b5)
图1-8 榆黄菇(平菇类)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_01.jpg?sign=1734386842-jT3wIJAOPw7jlICsUNM8ThzfcocQDOiD-0-8dd6646d95033330888298481589cd99)
图1-9 香菇
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_02.jpg?sign=1734386842-UtROmrtmPHP6COtZBz1uoJH54JNeR9Of-0-7dfd2af96d7b2b6d179792e5213f7aac)
图1-10 竹荪
三、子囊菌亚门中的食用菌代表
子囊菌亚门中常见的食用菌多属于盘菌目和肉座菌目(图1-11),且具有种类少、价值高的特点,多数为野生菌。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_03.jpg?sign=1734386842-Sw4HKW6yLCdu1hTXQMl6F0hVu9LjtW1W-0-6a90e88bdaf917f1fedcd2c788ffbcec)
图1-11 子囊菌亚门中的食用菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_04.jpg?sign=1734386842-0tu73XIdmK739vWBTsxmQZtUKFlumyJW-0-76450a2fb9cb32c959d562b73cbe6489)
图1-12 羊肚菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_05.jpg?sign=1734386842-TU7wbHff1th6sKaMPJ4WtBLaFvu1tcQD-0-b1c863172af075351d794fd85e35cca8)
图1-13 黑松露(猪拱菌)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/13_01.jpg?sign=1734386842-542YJaDCNAWH8KgKONSs0Ia1LblKyLqX-0-b2f5345e415fa777d02d44fbc6c5002c)
图1-14 蛹虫草
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/13_02.jpg?sign=1734386842-nkMdxm7h5J1NC52GtA9jvTD8h2qru0Iq-0-be45f163fb25d031aaff502df06d0552)
图1-15 冬虫夏草