参考文献

[1]Yang G,Wang Y,Zeng Y,et al.Rapid health transition in China,1990-2010:findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.Lancet,2013,381(9882):1987-2015.

[2]Wang Y,Xu J,Zhao X,et al.Association of hypertension with stroke recurrence depends on ischemic stroke subtype.Stroke,2013,44(5):1232-1237.

[3]Zhang X,Patel A,Horibe H,et al.Cholesterol,coronary heart disease,and stroke in the Asia Pacific region.Int J Epidemiol,2003,32(4):563-572.

[4]N í Chr ó in í n D,Cailaly EL,Duggan J,et a1.Association between acute statin therapy,survival,and improved functional outcome after ischemic stroke:The North Dublin population stroke study.Stroke,2011,42(4):1021-1029.

[5]Flint AC,Kamel H,Navi BB,et al.Statin use during ischemic stroke hospitalization is strongly associated with improved poststroke survival.Stroke,2012,43(1):147-154.

[6]Blanco M,Nombela F,Castellanos M,et al.Statin treatment withdrawal in ischemic stroke:a controlled randomized study.Neurology,2007,69(9):904-910.

[7]N í Chr ó in í n D,Asplund K,Åsberg S,et al.Statin therapy and outcome after ischemic stroke:systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies and randomized trials.Stroke,2013,44(2):448-456.

[8]Laufs U,Endres M,Custodis F,et al.Suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production after withdrawal of statin treatment is mediated by negative feedbaek regulation of Rho GTPasegene transcription.Circulation,2000,102(25):3104-3110.

[9]Chen XN,Xu J,Feng Z,et al.Simvastatin combined with nifedipine enhances endothelial cell protection by inhibiting ROS generation and activating Akt phos phorylation.Acta Pharmacol Sin,2010,31(7):813-820.

[10]Veillard NR,Mach F.Statins:the new aspirin? Cell Mol Life Sci.2002,59(11):1771-1786.

[11]Ridker PM,Danieison E,Fonseca FA,et al.Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosrvastatin:a prospective study of the JUPITER trial.Lancet,2009,373(9670):1175-1182.

[12]Nagotani S,Hayashi T,Sato K,et al.Reduction of cerebral infarction in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by statins associated with amelioration of oxidative stress.Srtoke,2005,36(3):670-672.

[13]Yrjanheikki J,Koistinaho J,Kettunen M,et al.Long-term protective effect of atorvastatin in permanent focal cerebral ischemia.Brain Res,2005,1052(2):174-179.

[14]Montaner J,Chacon P,Krupinski J,et al.Simvastatin in the acute phase of ischemic stroke:A safety and efficacyplot trial.Eur J Neurol,2008,15:82-90.

[15]Elkind MS,Sacco RL,MacArthur RB,et al.,The Neuroprotection with Statin Therapy for Acute Recovery Trial(NeuSTART):an adaptive design phase I dose-escalation study of high-dose lovastatin in acute ischemic stroke.Int J Stroke,2008,3(3):210-218.

[16]中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南撰写组.中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2010.中华神经科杂志,2010,43(2):146-153.

[17]Stone NJ,Robinson JG,Lichtenstein AH,et al.2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,63(25 Pt B):2889-2934.

[18]Jacobson TA,Ito MK,Maki KC,et al.National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia:part 1-executive summary.J Clin Lipidol,2014,8(5):473-488.

[19]Amarenco P,Bogousslavsky J,Callahan A,et al.High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.N Engl J Med,2006,355(6):549-559.

[20]Furie KL,Kasner SE,Adams RJ,et al.,Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association.Stroke,2011,42(1):227-276.

[21]Kernan WN,Ovbiagele B,Black HR,et al.Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke,2014,45(7):2160-2236.

[22]中国成人血脂异常防治指南制订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南.中华心血管病杂志,2007,35(5):390-419.

[23]European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention &Rehabilitation,Reiner Z,Catapano AL,et al.ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias:the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Atherosclerosis Society(EAS).Eur Heart J,2011,32(14):1769-1818.

[24]Kernan WN,Ovbiagele B,Black HR,et al.American Heart Association Stroke Council,Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing,Council on Clinical Cardiology,and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease.Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association.Stroke,2014,45(7):2160-236.

[25]Khoury JC,Kleindorfer D,Alwell K,et al.Diabetes mellitus:a risk factor for ischemic stroke in a large biracial population.Stroke,2013,44(6):1500-1504.

[26]Jellinger PS,Smith DA,Mehta AE,et al.AACE Task Force for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists’Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis.Endocr Pract,2012,18(Suppl 1):1-78.

[27]Douglas K,O’Malley PG,Jackson JL.Meta-analysis:the effect of statins on albuminuria.Ann Intern Med,2006,145(2):117-124.

[28]Tonelli M,Isles C,Curhan GC,et al.Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in people with chronic kidney disease.Circulation,2004,110(12):1557-1563.

[29]Kimura K,Shimano H,Yokote K,et al.Effects of pitavastatin(LIVALO tablet)on the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in hypercholesterolemic patients with chronic kidney disease.Sub-analysis of the LIVALO Effectiveness and Safety(LIVES)Study.J AtherosclerThromb,2010,17(6):601-609.

[30]Sharp Collaborative Group.Study of Heart and Renal Protection(SHARP):randomized trial to assess the effects of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among 9,438 patients with chronic kidney disease.Am Heart J,2010,160(5):785-794.

[31]Asselbergs FW,Diercks GF,Hillege HL,et al.Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria.Circulation,2004,110(18):2809-2816

[32]McKenney JM,Davidson MH,Jacobson TA,et al.Final conclusions and recommendations of the National Lipid Association Statin Safety Assessment Task Force.Am J Cardiol,2006,97(8A):89C-94C.

[33]McKenney JM,Davidson MH,Jacobson TA,et al.Final conclusions and recommendations of the National Lipid Association Statin Safety Assessment Task Force.Am J Cardiol,2006,97(supple):89-94.

[34]Athyros VG,Tziomalos K,Gossios TD,et al.Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation(GREACE)Study:a post-hoc analysis.Lancet,2010,376(9756):1916-1922

[35]Bader T.Liver tests are irrelevant when prescribing statins.Lancet,2010,376(9756):1882-1883.

[36]Onofrei MD,Butler KL,Fuke DC,et al.Safety of statin therapy in patients with preexisting liver disease.Pharmacotherapy,2008,28(4):522-529.

[37]Rätz Bravo AE,Tchambaz L,Krähenbühl-Melcher A,et al.Prevalence of potentially severe drug-drug interactions in ambulatory patients with dyslipidaemia receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy.Drug Saf,2005,28(3):263-275.

[38]McKinney JS,Kostis WJ.Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage:a meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials.Stroke,2012,43(8):2149-2156.

[39]Flint AC,Conell C,Rao VA,et al.Effect of statin use during hospitalization for intracerebral hemorrhage on mortality and discharge disposition.JAMA Neurol,2014,71(11):1364-1371.