摘要

摘要：作为长期存在的一种社会经济现象，贫困问题是一个世界性难题，消除贫困，是全人类的共同目标和美好愿望。党的十八大以来，习近平同志把扶贫开发摆到治国理政的重要位置，提升到事关全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的新高度，纳入“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局进行决策部署，鲜明提出“精准扶贫”理念。内蒙古通辽地区长期以来由于其特殊的区域位置、地理环境问题和民族特点相互交织，贫困问题一直极其深厚，是内蒙古地区反贫困的重点，在少数民族地区的精准扶贫中具有一定的代表性。

通辽市根据自身环境特点，立足特色资源，开展特色产业助力精准扶贫，通过品种改良、科学养殖、全产业链经营等方式，促进当地黄牛产业规模化，带动饲草、屠宰、加工、销售等相关领域的发展，助力农民增收；挖掘蒙医药经济、科技、文化、生态潜力，打造内蒙古蒙中药材品牌，努力把蒙中医药产业打造成为通辽市主要支柱产业，带动贫困地区农牧民转型发展和全区农牧民创收致富；开展乡村旅游，努力推动生态建设与脱贫攻坚深度融合，将“旅游＋扶贫”作为带动贫困地区群众脱贫致富的民生产业和扶贫攻坚的重要抓手，着力引导贫困旗县依托当地景区旅游资源，实施景区品质提升工程，完善景区配套设施，实现景区对周边贫困村的带动力，帮助贫困嘎查村增收脱贫，持续释放旅游扶贫新活力；利用国家关于无补贴平价上网项目新政出台的有利契机，重点推进100万千瓦风电平价上网项目，结合生态保护和环境治理工作，积极推进光伏治沙、光伏领跑、采煤沉陷区、矿区排土场光伏发电项目，鼓励利用建筑物及附属场地，制定出台光伏能源产业发展规划，鼓励新能源企业通过改进技术、引进设备等方式降低成本，有序开展竞价上网，着力推进风电、光伏发电分别实现平价上网；通过打造通辽市电子商务产业园区，发展“互联网＋”项目，引导贫困户融入电商产业链条，积极推动贫困地区、贫困户的产品线上线下互动营销，助推增加贫困户收入；通过推进公益林生态效益补偿、实施退耕还林、开展草沙系统治理等模式开展生态扶贫，依托并发挥贫困地区生态资源禀赋优势，选择与生态保护紧密结合、市场相对稳定的特色产业，将资源优势转化为产业优势、经济优势；通过落实助学资助政策体系，加大教育扶贫力度，为贫困家庭的孩子接受更好的教育创造条件，通过资助政策帮助贫困家庭学生完成学业，大力发展民族教育，通过扶贫与扶智有机结合，促进贫困民众内生动力，实现“输血”式扶贫向“造血”式扶贫的转变，全力打好教育扶贫“组合拳”，完成“发展教育脱贫一批”的重要任务；通过提升社会兜底保障工程，开展慢病贫困患者送医送药服务，实现家门口诊疗，所有旗县建立了“一站式”结算服务综合窗口等措施，推动社会救助体系进一步健全，确保困难群众基本生活水平与全面小康相适应，免除贫困户生产生活方面的后顾之忧。

此外，本书还从完善精准扶贫效果、强化考核落实、提高地方政府治理能力、宣传能人带动战略及政策制定和实施等方面探讨了通辽市精准扶贫的经验、成就与启示，旨在打破扶贫工作的困境，扎实推进通辽市精准扶贫工作发展。未来通辽市将扎实做好后续帮扶工作，巩固脱贫成果；狠抓作风能力建设，加强对脱贫工作绩效特别是贫困县摘帽情况的监督；切实加强组织领导，健全攻坚机制，完善政策措施，集中力量全面完成剩余脱贫任务，切实提高贫困人口获得感。

关键词：通辽市；精准扶贫；模式；经验

Abstract: As a long-standing social and economic phenomenon, poverty is a worldwide problem.Eliminating poverty is the common goal and good wish of all mankind..Since the eighteen Party's Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core has put the poverty alleviation and development into an important position in governing the country that achieves to a new height of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accomplishs the first hundred year's goal of struggle.It has been included in the overall layout of the five in one and the strategic layout of the “four sides”, which aims to make decision and deployment, increase investment in poverty alleviation and innovate poverty alleviation.Major poverty alleviation policies and measures, which clearly put forward the concept of “targeted poverty alleviation”.For a long time, the poverty problem in Tongliao region of Inner Mongolia is very serious because of its special regional location, geographical environment and ethnic characteristics, which has been the focus of anti-poverty in Inner Mongolia autonomous region.It has a certain representativeness in the targeted poverty alleviation in minority areas.

In the long-term theoretical summary and practical exploration of anti-poverty, Tongliao City, based on its own environmental characteristics and characteristic resources, has developed characteristic industries to help targeted poverty alleviation.Tongliao city has promoted the large-scale and standardized breeding of local cattle industry, thereby driving the development of forage, slaughter, processing, sales and other related fields, and has helped farmers increase their income through variety improvement, scientific breeding and whole industrial chain management.To drive the transformation and development of farmers and herdsmen in poverty-stricken areas, and create income and prosperity for farmers and herdsmen in the whole region，the Mongolian traditional medicine has been built in Tongliao city by exploring the potential of Mongolian medicine in economy, science and technology, culture and ecology, expanding and strengthening the cause of Mongolian medicine, building the brand of Mongolian traditional Chinese medicine in Inner Mongolia.To carry out rural tourism, strive to promote the deep integration of ecological construction and poverty alleviation,“tourism＋poverty alleviation” has been taken as an important starting point for people's livelihood industry and poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas, and striving to guide poverty counties to rely on local scenic spot tourism resources to implement the quality improvement project of scenic spot, improve the supporting facilities of scenic spot, and realize the driving force of scenic spot to surrounding poor villages, thereby helping the poor village of Gacha get rid of poverty by increasing income and continuously release the new vitality of poverty alleviation.Taking advantage of the favorable opportunity of the new policy of the country's unsubsidized low-cost Internet project, Tongliao city has focused on promoting the 1 million-kilowatt wind-level Internet project, combined with ecological protection and environmental governance, actively promoting photovoltaic sand control, photovoltaic leadership, coal mining subsidence areas, and mining area dump for photovoltaic power generation projects, encouraging the use of buildings and affiliated venues, formulating development plans for the photovoltaic energy industry, encouraging new energy companies to reduce costs through improved technology, introduced equipment, etc, conducting orderly online bidding, and focusing on promoting wind power and photovoltaic power generation to achieve respectively parity access to the Internet.To develop “Internet＋” project, guide poor households into the e-commerce industry chain, the e-commerce industrial park has been built in Tongliao city, which will actively promote online and offline interactive marketing of products in poor areas and poor households, and help increase the income of poor households.By promoting the ecological benefit compensation of public welfare forest, implementing the mode of returning farmland to forest, and developing the grass and sand system governance, Tongliao city has carried out ecological poverty alleviation, relying on and exerting the advantages of ecological resources endowment in poor areas, and selecting characteristic industries that are closely integrated with ecological protection and have relatively stable markets to transform resources advantages into industrial advantages and economic advantages.By implementing the policy system of aid to students, the efforts of poverty alleviation through education has been strengthened to create conditions for children from poor families to receive better education.The aid policy has been carried out to help the students from poor families complete their studies, vigorously developing national education.The endogenous power of poor people has been promoted through the organic combination of poverty alleviation and intellectual support, aming to realize the transformation from “blood transfusion” poverty alleviation to“hematopoiesis” poverty alleviation, meanwhile, a good combination of education and poverty alleviation has also been made, aming to complete the important task of “developing education to lift a number of people out of poverty”; By enhancing the social support project, carrying out the delivery of medical services and medicines for chronically ill and poor patients, and achieving door-to-door diagnosis and treatment, all Qi counties have established a “one-stop” settlement service comprehensive window and other measures to promote the further improvement of the social assistance system, in order to ensure that the basic living standard of the poor is compatible with the overall well-off, and to avoid the worries of the poor households in production and life.

In addition, this book also has discussed the achievements and enlightenment of targeted poverty alleviation in Tongliao City from the aspects of perfecting the effect of targeted poverty alleviation, strengthening the implementation of assessment, improving the governance ability of local governments, promoting the strategy and policy formulation and implementation driven by competent people, aiming to break the dilemma of poverty alleviation and solidly promote the development of targeted poverty alleviation in Tongliao City.In the future, Tongliao City will do a solid job in the follow-up assistance work, consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation; pay close attention to the construction of work style and capacity, strengthen the supervision of the performance of poverty alleviation work, especially the decapitation of poor counties; practically strengthen the organization and leadership, improve the key mechanism, as well as the policies and measures, focus on the overall completion of the remaining tasks of poverty alleviation, and effectively increase the sense of access of the poor people.

Key words: Tongliao city; Targeted poverty alleviation; Model; Experience