摘要

摘要：宁夏盐池县位于陕甘宁蒙四省交界，地处毛乌素沙漠南缘，是革命老区、国家级贫困县，“老”“少”“边”“穷”在很长时间都是盐池县的代名词。

盐池县脱贫之路经历了五个阶段：从1983—1993年“三西”建设到1994—2000年“双百”攻坚，从2001—2010年千村扶贫到2011—2015年百万贫困人口扶贫，再到2016—2020年精准扶贫，经过几代人坚持不懈的努力，盐池县成功实现脱贫。特别是党的十八大以来，盐池县深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于精准扶贫精准脱贫基本方略，举全县之力向贫困发起总攻，找准脱贫攻坚之路，压实主体责任，激发贫困群众内生动力，统筹实施产业扶贫、金融扶贫、光伏扶贫、科技扶贫、生态扶贫、基础提升等十项工程，通过发展滩羊、牧草、中草药、小杂粮、黄花和适合农户增收的家庭经营小品种产业为重点，强产业稳增收，夯基础补短板，建机制兜底线，于2018年顺利实现脱贫摘帽，成为宁夏第一个脱贫摘帽县。

本报告认为，在党和政府的领导下，盐池人民将中国特色扶贫脱贫之路成功付诸实践，创造了脱贫攻坚伟大奇迹，彻底改变了盐池的历史面貌。脱贫攻坚的盐池经验是，严格按照党中央作出打赢脱贫攻坚战的重大决策部署，实施产业扶贫、金融扶贫、光伏扶贫、基础提升等十项工程，瞄准贫困群众发展产业资金短缺的薄弱环节，以此为扶贫工作的突破口，创新开展互助资金、评级授信、四信平台建设等多种金融扶贫小额信贷工作，全面构建社会信用体系，打造诚信社会，创新担保模式，以“互助资金”结合“千村信贷”撬动了数倍发展资金，扩大贫困户评级授信覆盖面；创新推行“扶贫保”，破解了建档立卡贫困户贷款困难、因病因灾返贫等十大难题，形成了独具特色的盐池模式。

盐池样板的意义在于，充分发挥政治优势、制度优势和政策优势，采取综合措施，加大脱贫攻坚力度，以久久为功的韧性，夯实基础、授人以渔，从源头上阻断贫困的代际传递，彻底改变贫困地区的落后面貌。同时，巩固提升扶贫攻坚成果，坚持摘帽不摘责任、摘帽不摘政策、摘帽不摘帮扶、摘帽不摘监管，扶贫工作与实施乡村振兴战略相结合，真正使县域经济强起来和农民富起来。

关键词：脱贫攻坚；“三区”；贫困标签；盐池经验

Abstract: Yanchi County，Ningxia，is located at the junction of Shaanxi，Gansu，Ningxia and Inner Mongolia，and on the south edge of the Mu Us Desert.It is an old revolutionary base area and national poverty-stricken county.Even in a long period，Yanchi County is the representative of remote and poverty-stricken areas.

The poverty alleviation way in Yanchi County has gone through five stages: construction of“Three-Xi”（Hexi，Dingxi and Xihaigu）（1983-1993），“double-hundred”priority poverty alleviation（1994-2000），1000-village poverty alleviation（2001-2010），poverty alleviation for millions of poor people（2011-2015）and targeted poverty alleviation（2016-2020）.Through the unremitting efforts of several generations，Yanchi County successfully achieved poverty relief.In particular，since the Eighteenth Congress of the Communist Party of China，Yanchi County has thoroughly implemented the general strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and poverty relief proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping，taken the full resources of the county to change poverty，found the right way for priority poverty relief，firmly established the main responsibility，well aroused the endogenous power of the poverty-stricken masses，coordinated the implementation of ten projects of industry poverty alleviation，financial poverty alleviation，photovoltaic poverty alleviation，poverty alleviation through science and technology，ecological poverty alleviation，foundation improvement，etc.By focusing on the development of Tan sheep，pasture，Chinese medical herbs，minor coarse cereals，daylily and family-run small variety industry suitable for farmers to increase their income，strengthening the industry to stabilize the income increase，consolidating the foundation to make up for the weakness，and building a mechanism to ensure the basic life，Yanchi was successfully removed from the poverty list in 2018，becoming the first county in Ningxia.

In this report，it is believed that under the leadership of the Party and government，the people in Yanchi County successfully have put the poverty alleviation and relief way with Chinese characteristics into practice，created a great miracle in priority poverty relief，and fundamentally changed the historical features of Yanchi.Experience of Yanchi in the priority poverty relief: Yanchi County has made major decisions and arrangements for priority poverty relief as per the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China strictly，implemented ten projects of industry poverty alleviation，financial poverty alleviation，photovoltaic poverty alleviation，foundation improvement，etc.，taken the weak link of fund shortage in the industry development of the poverty-stricken masses as the breakthrough of poverty alleviation，innovated and conducted the mutual financial poverty alleviation microfinance work such as mutual funds，rating and credit granting and construction of four-credit platform，to comprehensively construct the social credit system and create the credible society；innovated the guarantee mode，leveraged the development funds of several times through combination of“mutual funds”and“1000-village credit”，enlarged the coverage of the rating and credit granting system for registered poverty-stricken households；and innovated and implemented the“poverty alleviation insurance”，to solve ten difficult problems of registered povertystricken households，including loan difficulty and poverty returning due to diseases and disasters，and form the Yanchi mode with unique features.

The significance of Yanchi model lies in full exerting political，institutional and policy advantages，adopting comprehensive measures，increasing the intensity of priority poverty relief，and constantly consolidating the foundation by“teaching people to fish”，to truly block intergenerational transmission of poverty from the source and channel，and completely change the backward appearance of poverty areas.At the same time，Yanchi County has consolidated and improved the poverty relief results，and adhered to the policy of insisting on responsibilities，policies，supporting and supervision after getting rid of poverty and being removed from the poverty list and combining the poverty alleviation and implementation of rural revitalization，so as to truly strengthen the county-level economy and enrich the peasants.

Key Words: Priority Poverty Relief，“Three-Area”，Poverty Label，Yanchi Experience