参考文献

1.Leyland M. Validation of Orbscan Ⅱ posterior corneal curvature measurement for intraocular lens power calculation[J]. J Eye, 2004, 18:357-360.
2.Nakada S, Tanaka M, Nakajima A. Comparison of automated and conventional keratometers[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1984, 97:776-778.
3.Olsen T. On the calculation of power from curvature of the cornea[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1986, 70:152-154.
4.瞿佳,陈浩.眼镜学[M].第3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017.
5.Gartner WF. Astigmatism and optometric vectors[J]. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom, 1965, 42:459-463.
6.Humphrey WE. Automated retinoscopy: the Humphrey vision analyser[J]. The Optician, 1977, 173:17-27.
7.瞿佳.眼视光学理论与方法[M].第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2014.
8.Koch DD, Ali SF, Weikert MP, et al. Contribution of posterior corneal astigmatism to total corneal astigmatism[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2012, 38:2080-2087.
9.Dubbelman M, Sicam VA, Van der Heijde GL. The shape of the anterior and posterior surface of the aging human cornea[J]. Vision Res, 2006, 46:993-1001.
10.Prisant O, Hoang-Xuan T, Proano C, et al. Vector summation of anterior and posterior corneal topographical astigmatism[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2002, 28:1636-1643.
11.Grosvenor T, Quintero S, Perrigin DM. Predicting refractive astigmatism: a suggested simplification of Javal′s rule[J]. Am J Optom Physiol Opt, 1988, 65:292-297.
12.Tatham A, Prydal J. Progressive lenticular astigmatism in the clear lens[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2008, 34:514-516.
13.Gunduz A, Evereklioglu C, Er H, et al. Lenticular astigmatism in tilted disc syndrome[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2002, 28:1836-1840.
14.Schuster AK-G, Pfeiffer N, Schulz A, et al. Refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatism: distribution in a German population and age-dependency-the Gutenberg health study[J]. Graefe′s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2017, 255:2493-2501.
15.Leung TW, Lam AK, Deng L, et al. Characteristics of astigmatism as a function of age in a Hong Kong clinical population[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2012, 89:984-992.
16.Sanfilippo PG, Yazar S, Kearns L, et al. Distribution of astigmatism as a function of age in an Australian population[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2015, 93:e377-e385.
17.Wolfram C, Hohn R, Kottler U, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors in the European adult population: the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2014, 98:857-861.
18.Saw SM, Chan YH, Wong WL, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the Singapore Malay Eye Survey[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008, 115:1713-1719.
19.Howland HC, Sayles N. Photorefractive measurements of astigmatism in infants and young children[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1984, 25:93-102.
20.Li H, Li SM, Liu LR, et al. Astigmatism and its components in 12-year-old Chinese children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103:768-774.
21.Remon L, Monsoriu JA, Furlan WD. Influence of different types of astigmatism on visual acuity[J]. J Optom, 2017, 10:141-148.
22.Akinci A, Guven A, Degerliyurt A, et al. The correlation between headache and refractive errors[J]. J aapos, 2008, 12:290-293.
23.Abrahamsson M, Fabian G, Sjostrand J. Refraction changes in children developing convergent or divergent strabismus[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1992, 76:723-727.
24.McNeer KW. Astigmatism in visually immature child with strabismus[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1980, 98:1430-1432.
25.Cotter SA, Varma R, Tarczy-Hornoch K, et al. Risk factors associated with childhood strabismus: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease and Baltimore pediatric eye disease studies[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118:2251-2261.
26.Patel VS, Simon JW, Schultze RL. Anisometropic amblyopia: axial length versus corneal curvature in children with severe refractive imbalance[J]. J AAPOS, 2010, 14:396-398.
27.Plech AR, Pinero DP, Laria C, et al. Corneal higher-order aberrations in amblyopia[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2010, 20:12-20.
28.Motlagh MN, Moshirfar M, Murri MS, et al. Pentacam ® Corneal Tomography for Screening of Refractive Surgery Candidates: A Review of the Literature, Part I[J]. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol, 2019, 8:177-203.
29.Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Tsimhoni O, Archer SM, et al. Effect of axial length and keratometry measurement error on intraocular lens implant power prediction formulas in pediatric patients[J]. J AAPOS, 2008, 12:173-176.
30.Rabinowitz YS, McDonnell PJ. Computer-assisted corneal topography in keratoconus[J]. Refract Corneal Surg, 1989, 5:400-408.
31.Klein M. Retinoscopy in Astigmatism[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1944, 28:205-220.
32.Smith G, Haymes S. The streak retinoscopy pupil reflex in the presence of astigmatism[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2003, 23:295-305.
33.Sheppard AL, Davies LN. Clinical evaluation of the Grand Seiko Auto Ref/Keratometer WAM-5500[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2010, 30:143-151.
34.Lopez de la Fuente C, Sanchez-Cano A, Segura F, et al. Comparison of anterior segment measurements obtained by three different devices in healthy eyes[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2014, 2014:1-8.
35.Asena L, Gungor SG, Akman A. Comparison of keratometric measurements obtained by the Verion Image Guided System with optical biometry and auto-keratorefractometer[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2017, 37:391-399.
36.Asgari S, Hashemi H, Jafarzadehpur E, et al. OPD-Scan Ⅲ: a repeatability and inter-device agreement study of a multifunctional device in emmetropia, ametropia, and keratoconus[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2016, 36:697-705.
37.McGinnigle S, Naroo SA, Eperjesi F. Evaluation of the auto-refraction function of the Nidek OPD-Scan Ⅲ [J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2014, 97:160-163.
38.Wang L, Wang N, Koch DD. Evaluation of refractive error measurements of the Wavescan Wavefront system and the Tracey Wavefront aberrometer[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2003, 29:970-979.
39.Ventura BV, Al-Mohtaseb Z, Wang L, et al. Repeatability and comparability of corneal power and corneal astigmatism obtained from a point-source color light-emitting diode topographer, a Placido-based corneal topographer, and a low-coherence reflectometer[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2015, 41:2242-2250.
40.Knoll HA. Corneal contours in the general population as revealed by the photokeratoscope[J]. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom, 1961, 38:389-397.
41.Read SA, Collins MJ, Iskander DR, et al. Corneal topography with Scheimpflug imaging and videokeratography: comparative study of normal eyes[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2009, 35:1072-1081.
42.Belin MW, Khachikian SS. An introduction to understanding elevation-based topography: how elevation data are displayed-a review[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 37:14-29.
43.Read SA, Vincent SJ, Collins MJ. The visual and functional impacts of astigmatism and its clinical management[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2014, 34:267-294.
44.Wang Q, Savini G, Hoffer KJ, et al. A comprehensive assessment of the precision and agreement of anterior corneal power measurements obtained using 8 different devices[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7:e45607.
45.Savini G, Naeser K, Schiano-Lomoriello D, et al. Total Corneal Astigmatism Measurements: Agreement Between 2 Rotating Scheimpflug Cameras[J]. Cornea, 2017, 36:463-469.
46.Lee JH, Lee YW, Lee JS, et al. Comparison of Color Light-Emitting Diode Corneal Topographer and Dual Rotating Scheimpflug-Placido Topographer[J]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018:1-7.
47.Aramberri J, Araiz L, Garcia A, et al. Dual versus single Scheimpflug camera for anterior segment analysis: Precision and agreement[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2012, 38:1934-1949.
48.Cui XH, Yoo YS, An Y, et al. Comparison of keratometric measurements between color light-emitting diode topography and Scheimpflug camera[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2019, 19:98.
49.Pinero DP, Molina-Martin A, Camps VJ, et al. Validation of corneal topographic and aberrometric measurements obtained by color light-emitting diode reflection topography in healthy eyes[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 257(11):2437-2447.
50.Lee YW, Choi CY, Yoon GY. Comparison of dual rotating Scheimpflug-Placido, swept-source optical coherence tomography, and Placido-scanning-slit systems[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2015, 41:1018-1029.
51.Schroder S, Maurer S, Eppig T, et al. Comparison of Corneal Tomography: Repeatability, Precision, Misalignment, Mean Elevation, and Mean Pachymetry[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2018, 43:709-716.
52.Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Hoffer KJ. Repeatability of automatic measurements by a new anterior segment optical coherence tomographer combined with Placido topography and agreement with 2 Scheimpflug cameras[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2018, 44:471-478.
53.Fityo S, Buhren J, Shajari M, et al. Keratometry versus total corneal refractive power: Analysis of measurement repeatability with 5 different devices in normal eyes with low astigmatism[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2016, 42:569-576.
54.Rozema JJ, Wouters K, Mathysen DG, et al. Overview of the repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of the biometry values provided by various ophthalmic devices[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(6):1111-1120.e1.