1 小心动词短语

要论英语口语和书面语的区别,我们可以举出很多: 口语句子较短;口语中连接词较少;口语有语气词、停顿、重复等等。但就谓语动词而言,口语不同于书面语的一个重要的区别是,口语喜欢使用音节少的短小动词和由短小动词+小品词(介词或副词)构成的动词短语。

但问题是,由动词+小品词(介词或副词)构成的动词短语外形都差不多,有时一字之差,意思有云泥之别。比如,电视剧《急症室的故事》(ER*《急症室的故事》(ER),英文全名是Emergence Room.本书用缩写ER。中,女医生Jenny无意感染上了艾滋病,她的同事在一旁鼓励她道:

(1)Jenny,there are a lot of diseases that can take your life. But this one takes over your life. Don't let it!

Jenny,很多病会要你的命。但这个病会掌控你,让你惶惶不可终日,决不能让它击垮你。

上面,动词take是“杀死”的意思,加上over(take over)就成了“控制,掌控”的意思。一字之差,意思相差很大。

试再举一例。电影《律政俏佳人》(Legally Blonde)里的Elle Woods是哈佛法学院的一名漂亮女生。一天,教授Callahan让她去办公室,说是要和她谈谈她的学业和未来的人生规划:

(2)Callahan: Have you thought about where you might be a summer associate?

暑假你打算去什么地方实习?

Elle Woods: Oh, not really. I know it's very competitive.

还没有。我知道现在竞争很激烈。

Callahan: Well, you know what competition is really about, don't you? It's about ferocity, carnage, balancing human intelligence with animal diligence, knowing exactly what you want and how far you will go to get it. (Touching her hand)How far will Elle go?

嗯。你应该知道,所谓竞争究竟是怎么回事,对吧?说到底,竞争涉及凶狠,屠杀,既要人类智慧,又要动物般的勤奋,要清楚知道自己的目标是什么,以及准备以多大的代价去得到它。你呢,愿意付多大的代价?

Elle Woods: Are you hitting on me? 你这是在打我的主意吗?

Callahan: You are a beautiful girl. 你太漂亮了。

上面的对话中,Elle Woods说的“Are you hitting on me?”类似于“Are you propositioning me?你是在向我提出非分的要求吗?”当时这部电影的碟片的汉语台词是:“你想打我吗?”译者显然没有看出hit on和hit的区别。

其实,hit on在影视剧中出现的频率还算蛮高的,稍加留意,还可以见到下面的用例:

(3)We kind of made a plan so that the next time Woods hit on her, she'd have a witness.

我们当时想了一个办法,下次校长Woods再对她图谋不轨的时候,有人可以在现场作证。

(3)、(4)均出自《犯罪现场调查》(CSI*《犯罪现场调查》(CSI),英文全名是Crime Scene Investigation.本书用缩写CSI。

(4)Are you hitting on me, David?David,你这是在向我示爱吗?

(5)咖啡店里店员向家庭保姆Daphne示好,暗恋 Daphne 的弟弟看见了,一肚子的醋意,对哥哥说道: Frasier, that man is hitting on our Daphne. I don't know how she stands it?

Frasier,那小子在打Daphne的主意,我真搞不懂,她居然由着他,一点事都没有。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(6)I saw you hitting on Angie the other day.几天前我看你对Angie有意思。

《我为喜剧狂》(30 Rock

为讨论上的方便,我们把影视剧中出现的动词短语分为两大类: 一类由be动词+介词或副词构成;另一类由常规动词(大都是简短动词)+介词或副词构成。

1. 由be动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语

这类动词短语数量不大,短语意思往往取决于后面的副词和介词的意思,但也有不能望文生义的惯用法。

(1)A: Any leads on the subway case?地铁案子有什么线索吗?

B: Uh, not that I've heard. But since I'm not on it, I wouldn't know.

哦,就我所知,没有什么线索。不过,现在这个案子不归我管了,我也不关心。

(on=working on)

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(2)We're in for a treat tomorrow.我们明天有好东西吃。

(be in for=to be going to experience something soon)

《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives

(3)A: He is an American citizen. You have to do something.

他是美国公民。你要想办法解救他。

B: I don't need you to lecture me on civic responsibility.

我不需要你给我讲什么公民责任的大道理。

A: Fine. But if he dies, you are on it.好吧。反正他死了,你脱不了干系。

(on=on board with)

(3)、(4)均出自《国务卿女士》(Madam Secretary

(4)I'm going with Elizabeth on this one.在这个问题上,我同意Elizabeth的意见。

(with=agree with,下同。)

(5)Many, you are with me on this, right?Many,你同意我的看法,对吗?

《摩登家庭》(Modern Family

(6)丈夫得了癌症无钱治疗,朋友解囊相助,他不愿意接受。妻子劝他,他不听。朋友在一旁发话了:

I'm with your old lady on this one. I say take the money and run, man.

我同意你老婆的看法。哥们,别人愿意出钱援助你,你就大大方方地接受吧。

(Take the money and run本是伍迪·爱伦一部电影的片名,是“拿钱走人”的意思,这里是戏谑的说法。)

《绝命毒师》(Breaking Bad

(7)I'm all for transparency, but not this, not giving away national secrets haphazardly.

我赞成透明。但我们要的不是这种透明,我们不能随随便便地泄露国家机密。

(be all for=in complete support for,下同。)

(7)、(8)、(9)均出自《国务卿女士》(Madam Secretary

(8)I'm all for the soft pedal.对这件事,我全力支持降温处理。

(9)Tell them. You are in.你告诉他们,就说你同意了。

(in=to be involved in,下同。)

(10)Could the vic(victim的缩略形式)have been in on it?

你觉得受害者会是同谋吗?

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(11)What's in it for me?这对我有什么好处呢?

(be in it for=what is the benefit for)

《白宫风云》(The West Wing

(12)A: Why is it so hot here? 这里怎么这么热啊?

B: Air conditioning is out. 空调坏了。

(is out=broken, went out,下同。)

《急诊室的故事》(ER

(13)The lamp in the bedroom is out.卧室的灯坏了。

《纸牌屋》(House of Cards

(14)Uh, hurry, Raj is on next.快点,马上就轮到Raj了。

(is on=go on the stage)

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(15)Maddie, we are all over it.Maddie,我们正在全力以赴地进行调查。

(are all over=in or on all or most parts of)

《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(16)No, they are onto that. They've got dogs that sniff around.

他们会发觉的。他们有警犬,会到处嗅,到处寻找。

(are onto=know about,下同。)

《绝命毒师》(Breaking Bad

(17)They were onto the scam from the very beginning.

就你那套骗人的把戏,他们早就识破了。

《宋飞正传》(Seinfeld

2. 由动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语

《柯林斯COBUILD英语短语动词词典》(Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs)将动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语细分为四种:

第一种: 不能简单按字面意义理解的动词短语,如 go off(爆炸),put off(延迟),turn down(拒绝)等。

第二种: 动词和后面的接续小品词一般固定,不能随便替换,如refer to(指的是),rely on(依靠)等。

第三种: 动词后面的小品词只起强调作用,不改变前面动词的意思,如slave away(辛苦劳作),slog away(努力苦干)等。

第四种: 动词和后面接续的小品词各自保留原来的意思,它们还可以和其他词组合,譬如,动词短语fight back中的fight和副词back可以和其他词构成新的短语,如phone back,strike back等。

上面的四种动词短语中,第一种最麻烦,很容易产生误解。请看下面含有blow动词短语的例子:

(1)Listen, Frasier, I know this stinks, but in a couple of days, it'll blow over.

听我说,Frasier,我知道这很糟糕。但过不了几天就会一切如初、风平浪静了。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(2)It's gonna blow your mind.这件事会让你大吃一惊。

《天才医院》(Pure Genius

(3)I'm blown away, dude.哥儿们,我完全没想到。

《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives

(4)She fears it's a powder keg that could blow up the entire city.

她担心,这个火药桶会炸毁整座城市。

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(5)There was a rumor going around at the station that Bulldog was going to get sacked. I was repeating it to someone. He overheard me, blew up, and went up and quit his job.

台里谣传,说Bulldog要被炒鱿鱼。我对同事说起这件事,他无意中听到了,大发雷霆,马上冲到楼上找老板,把工作辞了。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(6)You're gonna take that question or blow it off?

这个问题你是如实回答,还是不予理会?

《白宫风云》(The West Wing

3. 含有动词短语的补充例子

构成动词短语中的动词一般为短小动词,《柯林斯COBUILD英语短语动词词典》给出了38个组成短语能力最强的动词:

break, fall, kick, make, put, stay, bring, get, knock, move, run, stick, call, give, lay, pass, send, take, cast, go, lie, play, set, talk, come, hang, live, pull, sit, throw, cut, hold, look, push, stand, turn, do, keep

其中,get,do,make,put,come,go是影视剧中出镜率很高的明星动词,由这些短小动词构成的动词短语灵活、方便,在各种语境中大显身手,需要特别注意。

(1)Jenna, you can't let this kind of thing get to you.

Jenna,这种事情,你别往心里去。或:Jenna,不要因为这件事难过。

《我为喜剧狂》(30 Rock

(2)Your father never let these things get to him like you do.

你父亲在的时候,这样的事情绝对难不倒他。或:要是你父亲还活着,他不会像你这样方寸大乱,不知所措。

《六尺之下》(Six Feet Under

(3)You know what it is? He knows how to get to you.

你知道吗?他把你的心思摸准了,他知道如何让你难受。

《我为卿狂》(Mad about You

(4)Don't let him get to you.

不要上他激将法的当。或:你不要因为他而冲昏了头脑。

(4)、(5)均出自《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(5)She is doing it to get to me.她这是做给我看的。或:她这是冲我来的。

(6)I just wanted to check with you guys. This business is going to be big.

我正想和你们合计、商量。这桩生意可是大生意。

(check with=talk with, consult with,下同。)

《宋飞正传》(Seinfeld

(7)You didn't even check with me before saying no.

你甚至没有和我商量就拒绝了。

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(8)Check with me about stuff like this, will you?这种东西,你可以问我呀。

《犯罪现场调查》(CSI

(9)Either way, I can check something off my to-do list.

无论哪种方式,必须做的事情又少了一项。

(check something off=take something off)

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(10)A: How did it go with Seinfeld? 和Seinfeld谈得怎么样了?

B: I think I pulled it off. 我想我大功告成,搞定了。

(pulled it off=succeed in doing it,下同。)

《我为喜剧狂》(30 Rock

(11)And how do we pull that off?

我们怎么办到呢?或:我们怎样才能成功呢?

《国务卿女士》(Madam Secretary

(12)I promise I'll be stone-cold serious in my interview. I'll even use my serious face. If you are wondering how I'm pulling this off, I'm thinking about the time when I was eight and Don Mattingly called me a little turd.

我保证,访谈时我会沉着冷静。我会装出一脸严肃的样子。你可能想知道我为什么能做到。告诉你吧,采访的时候,我会想到我8岁时校长Mattingly骂我,说我是一坨屎的情形。

《神烦警探》(Brooklyn Nine-Nine

(13)No need to rub it in, Ms. Scott.

Scott女士,你没有必要戳我的疼处了。或:你就别哪壶不开提哪壶了。

(rub it in,反复提及令人不快的事情。)

《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(14)Sookie, please, I'm begging you, pull yourself together.

Sookie, 我求你,冷静一下,好不好?

《吉尔莫女孩》(Gilmore Girls

(15)I think this calls for a celebration.我觉得这值得庆贺一下。

(15)、(16)、(17)均出自《广告狂人》(Mad Men

(16)Can I run a few ideas past you?

我有些想法,想听听你的意见,可以吗?

(17)You know better than to walk in on someone like that.

你应该知道,别人上厕所的时候你是不能进去的。

(walk in on something,鲁莽撞见尴尬的事情。这是一位家长对9岁小男孩说的。)

(18)He could come across as a jerk, but he was always really sweet to me.

有时他可能会给人一种不近人情的印象,但他对我一直都很好。

《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(19)I can't believe you fell for that.你居然会相信那种鬼话!

(19)、(20)均出自《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(20)I'm sorry to put you out.

对不起,给你添麻烦了。或:对不起,给你带来了不便。

(put somebody out打扰,添麻烦。)

(21)All I'm asking is that you take some time to let all this sink in so that we can talk about things.

我的意思是: 你不妨先冷静一下,等你把这件事想清楚了,我们再来讨论。

《妙女神探》(Rizzoli & Isles

(22)Yeah, he never let on how sick he was.他从来没有透露他病得有多重。

《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives

(23)Caleb came by the house a few years ago when I was with a student, and he was fascinated.

几年前,我在教一位学生练琴的时候Caleb过来看见了,他立马就喜欢上了钢琴。

(come by, swing by, go by, drop by, drop over都是“顺便去某个地方”的意思。参见下面的例子。)

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(24)How about we go by Maggie's apartment first?

我们先到Maggie的房间去看看,好吗?

(25)A: What do you want? 你有什么事吗?

B: Nothing. I just came by to pay you a compliment.

没事,我过来就是想向你表示祝贺。

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(26)It's just that, well, they drop over all the time without calling.

问题是,他们每次来,都不事先打招呼。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(27)We went by your dorm earlier with the police here.

早些时候,我们和警察一起去了你的寝室。

《犯罪现场调查》(CSI

(28)I mean he came by to water the imaginary plants, and then he left.

我的意思是,他过来给那些根本就不存在的植物浇完水,然后离开了。

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(29)Would you swing by my house and make sure these get to Claire?

你顺便到我家去一趟,确保把这些东西交给Claire,好不好?

《纸牌屋》(House of Cards

(30)I wouldn't dream of popping by unannounced.我根本就没想贸然来打扰你。

(pop by=stop by, come by,英国用法。)

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(31)A: I was so psyched up for this, what happened? 我特别紧张激动,为什么?

B: Well, maybe being so psyched up is what happened, like every time we are doing police work, you are always super smart and you stay calm, and take your time, but every time we do dumb games like this, you get all frantic and act like a crazy idiot.

要我说,你紧张,可能和我们做的事情有关。我们执行警务时,你总是很镇静、超级理性,做起事来不慌不忙。但一旦我们做一些傻事如游戏时,你就激动不已,像个疯子。

《神烦警探》(Brooklyn Nine-Nine

(32)You know, she was always looking out for me as a kid, kept me out of trouble.你知道吗?我小的时候她一直照顾我,不让我惹麻烦。

电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(33)We put together a list of potential cabinet choices.

我们已经拟定好了一份内阁人选名单。

(33)、(34)、(35)均出自《指定幸存者》(Designated Survivor

(34)Why is he rooting around in that?他为什么老是纠缠那件事呢?

(root around,翻找,刨根问底。)

(35)You need to learn how to set some limits with her, because, if not, she is gonna walk all over you.

对她,你需要立点规矩。如果没有规矩,她根本不怕你。

(36)You know, give a heads up.你知道,事先要通知,给个警告嘛。

(give a heads up,给个警告,事先提醒一下。使用频率较高。下同。)

《纸牌屋》(House of Cards

(37)So heads up. Here comes the competition.提醒一下啊,竞争对手来了。

《急诊室的故事》(ER

(38)Hang on a second. I'm gonna give you two minutes head up on something.

稍等,有件事情我想先和你打个招呼,让你好有心理准备。

《白宫风云》(The West Wing

(39)You hang back by the car.你不要跟过来,在停车的地方等我。

《纸牌屋》(House of Cards

(40)Anybody else want to mouth off?还有其他人有顶嘴,抱怨的吗?

《黑道家族》(The Sopranos

(41)Come on, don't get hung up on money here.好了,不要为钱的事烦心了。

(41)、(42)均出自《绝命毒师》(Breaking Bad

(42)My pops talked me out of it.我父母不同意,不让我做这一行。

(talk somebody out of it说服某人不要做某事。和它相对应的短语是: talk somebody into it.参见下面的例子。)

(43)I can't talk you out of this? I'm a lawyer. I'm very good at this sort of thing.

我堂堂一个律师,居然还说服不了你,让你不要做这件事?平时这种事,我一直很在行的。

《威尔和格蕾丝》(Will & Grace

(44)So I assume you tried to talk them out of making this trip.

我猜,你想说服他们,让他们放弃这次旅行。

《国务卿女士》(Madam Secretary

(45)And I do not allow you to talk me into it.

无论你怎么花言巧语,我也不会上当。

《急诊室的故事》(ER

(46)The truth is I came down here to try to talk you into going out with me.

说真心话,我专门下来,是想说服你,要你和我一块出去约会。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(47)And I called it off after he died.你爸爸去世后我们就断了来往。

(47)、(48)、(49)、(50)均出自《六尺之下》(Six Feet Under

(48)I should never have lashed out at you like that.

我不该那样冲着你大喊大叫。

(49)Get over it, please.别去想它了,好吗?

(50)A: I'm about to jump out of my skin. 我支撑不住了,我快要疯了。

B: Don't. I'm just barely holding it together.

千万别这样,我也快撑不住了。

(51)She obviously let it go to her head, and other parts of her.

显然她这次成功了,有些飘飘然,所以目中无人。

《广告狂人》(Mad Men

(52)I think it all got to her head.我想她昏头了。或: 我想她被惹毛了。

《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(53)Isn't there a way we could work this out?我们有没有办法解决这个问题?

《广告狂人》(Mad Men

(54)I'm sure you guys can work this out.我确信,你们能解决你们面临的问题。

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(55)They are fighting it out, I'm the one that get hurt.

女儿和妈妈在吃饭问题上争执不下,遭殃的是我,没有饭吃。

(55)、(56)均出自《广告狂人》(Mad Men

(56)I've got a lot of work to catch up on.我积压了很多活,我得马上去做。

(57)But I got a lot of my own work to catch up on, so let's talk later.

我自己还有很多事情没做,改日再聊吧。

《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(58)So, I'm kind of counting on you to help me out.

我就指望你了,希望你能帮我一把。

《广告狂人》(Mad Men

(59)And everyone turned on me, including my husband.

所有的人都在和我作对,连我的丈夫也在指责我。

(59)、(60)、(61)、(62)、(63)、(64)均出自《无罪证明》(Proven Innocent

(60)Actually, it ties in with what you were just talking about.

实际上,跟你们刚才谈论的东西有联系。

(61)Adele and Kauffman were in it together.

Adele和Kauffman两人串通好了的。或:他俩是一伙的。

(62)What do you think brought on this shit in you?

你觉得这种事为什么会发生在你的身上?

(63)How did that apology go over?道歉有效果吗?

(64)You just want to get this over with.你最好尽快把这件事处理掉。

(65)You can talk some sense into him because it is insane.

你劝劝他吧,告诉他这样做太愚蠢了。

《护法为民》(For the People

(66)The truth is, I always look up to you, and admire you.

说真的,我一直都很敬重您,仰慕你。

(66)、(67)、(68)、(69)、(70)均出自《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(67)Well, my dad tells me. He's filled you in on our little bet.

我父亲告诉我,你们已经知道了我们父子打赌的事。

(fill in on=give information about)

(68)You did your dig and you stuck your nose at where it didn't belong, are you happy now?

你到处瞎打听,知道了一些你不该问的事情。现在你满意了吗?

(69)If I had tried to set Dad up with a woman, he would have refused the idea off hand.

但是,如果我想方设法地为老爸介绍一位女伴,他肯定会马上拒绝的。

(70)Oh, Frasier, you've got to call Ned Miller and get this whole thing cleared up.Frasier,你得到Ned Miller那儿去,把整个事情说清楚。

(71)I can barely make anyone out.

我简直分不清谁是谁。

《妙女神探》(Rizzoli & Isles

(72)I get that. I don't want to mess things up, either.

我明白。我也不想把事情搞砸。

(72)、(73)、(74)均出自《生活大爆炸》(The Big Bang Theory

(73)Sorry that I'm freaked out.对不起,刚才我的确吓了一跳。

(74)I've got a subject wired up for a sensory study.

我给实验对象连接好了线,正准备做感知实验。

(75)Put all your stuff away. Okay, hon?亲爱的,把你的东西都收好,好吗?

(75)、(76)均出自《急诊室的故事》(ER

(76)Has the anesthesia taken hold?麻药开始起作用了吗?

(77)We'll pick this up this afternoon.我们下午接着讨论这个问题。

《白宫风云》(The West Wing

(78)It's easy to lash out when your blood is up, easier still to talk tough when no one's life hang in the balance.

热血沸腾的时候,我们喜欢骂人。如果不是人命关天的话,我们会骂得更凶。

(78)、(79)、(80)、(81)均出自《国务卿女士》(Madam Secretary

(79)One time, I came close to shooting a woman and a baby in her arms. I was all jacked up on adrenaline from the firefight, heard footsteps behind me, so I whirled around, weapon up, safety off, I honestly can't tell you why I didn't pull the trigger.

一次,我差一点就向一位妇女和她手中的婴儿开枪了。当时交火很激烈,我热血沸腾,突然听到身后有脚步声,我一个急转身,举起枪,打开保险。坦率地讲,我也不知道,当时为什么没有扣扳机。

(80)I didn't want to pile on your problems.

你的问题够多了,我不想再给你添乱了。

(81)I worked the phone for hours and finally got everybody on board with a deal that the President and Pakistan signed off on.

我花了好几个小时,不停给大家打电话。最终,大家总算认可了总统先生和巴基斯坦方面达成的协议。

(82)Prison is not a very nice place to live, but I did pick up a few skills.

呆在监狱里虽然不好受,但在里面我学了几招。

(82)、(83)均出自《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives

(83)Are you nuts? In case you haven't heard, our friend across the street, Beth Young, just blew her brains out.

你疯了吗?不知道你听到没有,我们的朋友,街对面的Beth Young,刚刚开枪自杀了。

(84)It was freaking me out.我吓坏了。

(84)、(85)、(86)、(87)、(88)、(89)、(90)、(91)、(92)、(93)、(94)均出自《犯罪现场调查》(CSI

(85)The man cuts me up inside.那个男人让我的心碎了。

(86)He's toying with us.他一定是在耍我们。

(87)I would never turn away a scientist of your talent.

你这样的大科学家,我怎么能放走呢?

(88)Your knuckles are pretty banged up.你的指关节伤得不轻啊。

(89)I know what sets this guy off.

我知道是什么刺激了他。或:我知道他做这件事的原因是什么。

(90)She's my sister. She is the only one who stood by me in all of this.

她是我姐姐。我遭遇到这一切,她是唯一理解、支持我的人。

(91)You keep on busting on me.你一个劲地嘲笑、攻击我。

(92)She's been through this enough; can we cut this short?

她遭遇如此不幸,够倒霉的了。你们问她问题,能不能简单点?

(93)I was knocked out.我昏过去了

(94)I hate to put a damper on your night, Grissom.

Grissom,今晚我可不想扫你的兴。

(95)Langdon actually tried to pass it off as a promotion.

Langdon试图让人觉得,你高升了,得到了提拔。

《指定幸存者》(Designated Survivor

(96)Maybe, you should try spicing things up a bit.

也许,你应该想点办法,给你们的夫妻生活增加一点乐趣。

《欢乐一家亲》(Frasier

(97)I understand Command Ops took you off the main event.

我知道,指挥部已经不让你负责主要案件了。

(97)、(98)均出自电视剧《本能》(Instinct

(98)I just don't want to hold anything back.我只是不想隐瞒什么。

《神烦警探》(Brooklyn Nine-Nine

(99)Why are you picking on her?

你干嘛对她那么苛刻,和她过不去?或: 你干嘛要找她的茬?

(pick on her=treat her badly or in a unfair way)

《我为卿狂》(Mad about You