Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

W: Welcome to Workplace. And in today's program, we're looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.

M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors which make people happy at work. [1]The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one's achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.

W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?

M: Apparently not.

W: Any other interesting information in the survey?

M: Yes. For example, [2]25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy”at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as “being unhappy.”

W: That's quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

M: It is, isn't it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, [3]small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.

W: Yes, we are, aren't we?

M: [4]And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

W: Are bosses happier than their employees?

M: Yes. Perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

女：欢迎来到《职场》。在今天的节目中，我们将讨论最近公布的两份调查结果，这两项调查都针对一个共同的主题——工作中的幸福感。约翰，先跟大家介绍一下第一项调查吧。

男：好的。这项调查是一家人力资源咨询公司开展的，他们采访了1000多名员工，确定了10个最能让员工开心工作的因素。[1]其中大多数受访者认为最重要的因素就是拥有友好且乐于助人的同事。事实上，73%的受访者把他们与同事的关系看作是快乐工作的主要因素，这个比例是非常高的。第二个最重要的因素是拥有一份称心如意的工作。最不重要的两个因素是工作业绩被认可和赚得一份有竞争力的薪酬，第二点使人感到很意外。

女：所以，我们并不是主要受金钱的激励？

男：显然不是。

女：调查中还有其他有趣的信息吗？

男：当然。例如，[2]25%的受访员工认为自己在工作中“非常开心”。然而，20%的员工认为自己在工作中“不开心”。

女：每天工作不开心的人还是相当多的。

男：确实，难道不是吗？这项调查也揭示了一些比较有意思的结论。首先就是，[3]小即是美：人们肯定更喜欢在员工少于100人的这种较小的机构或公司工作。我们还发现，一般来说，女员工比男员工在工作中更开心。

女：是的，我们确实如此，难道不是吗？

男：[4]而且，那些每天只工作4到5个小时的兼职员工比那些全职员工更开心。研究人员推断，这可能是因为兼职员工能更好地平衡工作与生活。

女：老板比员工更开心吗？

男：是的。也许并不令人惊讶的是，员工在公司中的职位越高，就会越开心。所以高级管理者要比他们的下属更享受工作。

1.A) Doing enjoyable work.

B) Having friendly colleagues.

C) Earning a competitive salary.

D) Working for supportive bosses.

Q: What is the No.1 factor that made employees happy according to the survey?

A）做称心如意的工作。

B）拥有友好的同事。

C）赚得有竞争力的薪水。

D）为支持自己的老板工作。

问：根据该项调查，使员工开心工作的首要因素是什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以动名词开头，推测该题可能以what提问。

2. 四项提到的内容均与影响工作的某些因素相关。

结论：该题可能考查影响工作的某些因素。听音时要仔细听与此相关的内容，然后结合选项做出判断。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“其中大多数受访者认为最重要的因素就是拥有友好且乐于助人的同事。事实上，73%的受访者把他们与同事的关系看作是快乐工作的主要因素，这个比例是非常高的。”因此B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。

2.A) 20%.

B) 25%.

C) 31%.

D) 73%.

Q: What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?

A）20%。

B）25%。

C）31%。

D）73%。

问：被调查者中在工作中感到不开心的人占多大比例？

▶ 听前预测：四项均为表示百分比的数字。

结论：该题可能考查某个因素的占比情况。听音时要注意听与数字有关的内容，然后结合选项做出判断。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“20%的员工认为自己在工作中‘不开心’。”因此A项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中男士提到：“25%的受访员工认为自己在工作中‘非常开心’。”故B项错误；对话中提到“73%的受访者把他们与同事的关系看作是快乐工作的主要因素”，故D项错误；C项对话中未提及，故也排除。

3.A) Those full of skilled workers.

B) Those run by women.

C) Those that are well managed.

D) Those of a small size.

Q: What kind of companies are popular with employees?

A）那些员工全是技术工人的公司。

B）那些由女性经营的公司。

C）那些管理良好的公司。

D）那些规模小的公司。

问：什么样的公司受员工欢迎？

▶ 听前预测：四项均以those开头，且内容都与企业经营状况相关。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与企业经营状况相关。听音时首先要注意听清those的指代对象，然后留意与skilled workers, run by women, well managed及small size相关的语句。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“小即是美：人们肯定更喜欢在员工少于100人的这种较小的机构或公司工作。”因此D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中提到“女员工比男员工在工作中更开心”，而不是女性经营的公司更受员工欢迎，因此B项错误。A、C两项对话中未提及，故排除。

4.A) They can win recognition of their work.

B) They can better balance their work and life.

C) They can hop from job to job easily.

D) They can take on more than one job.

Q: What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?

A）他们能赢得别人对其工作的认可。

B）他们能更好地平衡工作与生活。

C）他们能很容易地跳槽。

D）他们能从事不止一份工作。

问：什么原因可能使做兼职工作的人更快乐？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以they开头。

2. 四项提到的内容都与they的工作状况相关（win recognition of their work, balance their work and life, hop from job to job, take on more than one job）。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与they的工作情况相关。听音时应留意与选项关键信息相关的语句。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“那些每天只工作4到5个小时的兼职员工比那些全职员工更开心。研究人员推断，这可能是因为兼职员工能更好地平衡工作与生活。”因此B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中提到：“最不重要的两个因素就是工作业绩被认可……”，因此A项错误；C、D两项对话中未提及，故排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: Mr. De Keyzer, [5]I'm a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. [6]Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?

M: In 2006, [6]when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

W: You wrote in the book, “[5]I don't want to photograph the disaster. I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.”Can you talk a bit about that?

M: [7]It is clear now that it's a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears on the water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it's too late—as a last witness.

W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?

M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. [8]Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.

W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

女：德凯瑟先生，[5]我是您的著作《洪水将至》的忠实粉丝。[6]您能告诉我们您最初是如何对这类题材产生兴趣的吗？

男：2006年，[6]当布鲁日的一家音乐厅邀请我围绕水这一主题，为新音乐会表演季的目录拍摄一些照片时，我发现自己当时正在比利时海岸线附近工作。因为媒体上关于即将发生气候灾难的警示文章可谓铺天盖地，我开始从非常不同的角度审视大海和海滩，我童年时曾在海边度过了很多美好的时光。对隐约出现的危险的恐惧就成了这个大规模拍摄项目的主题。

女：您在书中曾经写道：“[5]我不想拍摄灾难。我只想拍摄即将发生的灾难。”您能说说这是什么意思吗？

男：[7]目前形势很明显，整个欧洲海岸线从海平面消失只是时间问题。全世界很多大城市也面临着同样的问题。我的想法是，在为时过晚之前，拍下这些美丽且非常独特，而且拥有丰富历史的海岸线——作为最后的见证。

女：您能说一下历史在这个项目中起到了什么样的作用吗？

男：当然可以。这个项目同样是关于欧洲望向大海并猜想下一个敌人何时将至的历史。在这些照片中，你可以看到各种各样可能是用来抵抗罗马人、德国人、北欧海盗的防御工程，然而现在，大自然却成了头号敌人。例如，有一张在诺曼底登陆遗址拍摄的海中架桥的照片。[8]还有一张威尼斯的照片，在这座永远都受到海洋威胁的城市，每天早上人们都得架起木制通道，以便游客到达旅店。

女：谢谢您，德凯瑟先生。今天很高兴能与您交流。

5.A) It was a collection of photos.

B) It is an introduction to music.

C) It is about the city of Bruges.

D) It is a book of European history.

Q: What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?

A）它是一部照片集。

B）它是对音乐的入门介绍书。

C）它是对布鲁日城的介绍。

D）它是一本有关欧洲历史的著作。

问：关于《洪水将至》这部著作，男士说了什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以it开头，且由选项内容可知，it很可能指一本书。

2. 四项提到的内容均与it的类型或主题相关。

结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与某本书的类型或主题相关。听音时首先要确定it的指代对象，然后结合选项做出判断。

▶ 解析：对话开头女士提到：“我是您的著作《洪水将至》的忠实粉丝。”由此可知，it指代的是《洪水将至》这本书。接着女士提到男士曾经在书中写道：“我不想拍摄灾难，我只想拍摄即将发生的灾难。”由此可知这本书应该是一部照片集，因此A项为正确答案。

6.A) When writing about Belgium's coastal regions.

B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.

C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.

D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.

Q: When did the man get his idea for the work?

A）当他写有关比利时沿海地区的文章时。

B）当他为一份音乐会目录拍摄照片时。

C）当他在一座意大利海滨城市度假时。

D）当他为布鲁日的音乐厅刷漆时。

问：男士什么时候有了创作这部作品的想法？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 四项均以when开头，可能以when提问。

2. 四项提到的内容均表示某种动作或状态，可能与某个人的动作或状态相关。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与某个人在某个时间所做的事情相关。听音时要留意与选项中提到的这四件事相关的内容。

▶ 解析：对话中女士问：“您能告诉我们您最初是如何对这类题材产生兴趣的吗？”而后男士回答：“当布鲁日的一家音乐厅邀请我围绕水这一主题，为新音乐会表演季的目录拍摄一些照片时……”由此可知，B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。男士提到他当时正在比利时海岸线附近工作，并不是在写有关比利时沿海地区的文章，A项属于张冠李戴，故排除。C、D两项对话中未提及，故排除。

7.A) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.

B) The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.

C) The entire European coastline will be submerged.

D) The major European scenic spots will disappear.

Q: What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?

A）欧洲丰富的遗产将完全丢失。

B）欧洲的海水将被严重污染。

C）整个欧洲的海岸线将被淹没。

D）欧洲的主要景点将消失。

问：当气候灾难降临时将会发生什么？

▶ 听前预测：四项均提到了欧洲，内容均与欧洲的环境变化有关（rich heritage will be lost, seawater will be polluted, coastline will be submerged, scenic spots will disappear）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与欧洲发生的变化相关。听音时要留意与选项关键信息相关的语句。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到：“目前形势很明显，整个欧洲海岸线从海平面消失只是时间问题。”因此C项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。A、B、D三项在对话中均未提及，故排除。

8.A) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.

B) It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.

C) People cannot get around without using boats.

D) Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.

Q: What does the man say about Venice?

A）游客早上使用木质通道到达他们的旅店。

B）它吸引了大量国内外的游客。

C）人们不使用船的话无法四处走动。

D）它的水路正在日益受到污染。

问：关于威尼斯，男士说了什么？

▶ 听前预测：

1. 两项内容与某个地方的情况有关（attracts large numbers of tourists, waterways are polluted）。

2. 两项内容与人们的活动有关（use wooden paths to reach their hotels, cannot get around without using boats）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与某个地方人们的活动相关。听音时要对表示人们的活动的内容多加留意。

▶ 解析：对话中男士提到，在威尼斯这座永远都受到海洋威胁的城市，每天早上人们都会架起木制通道，以便游客到达旅店。由此可知，游客是通过木制通道到达旅店的，因此A项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

[9]When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied, “I don't want to look too inexperienced. I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial.”This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don'ts”syndrome—a form of negative goal setting. The “don'ts”can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures.

[10]Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself, “don't hit the ball into the water,”his mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go.

[11]Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said, “I want to look professional and self-assured.”I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. [12]A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.

[9]当面对新形势时，一些人往往会通过把大量时间花在做最坏的预期上来预想失败的场面。我记得曾经与一位年轻的律师谈话，她当时正准备第一次出席陪审团审判。她非常紧张。我问她想给陪审团留下什么印象。她回答说：“我不想看上去太没有经验了。我不想让他们怀疑这是我第一次参加审判。”这位律师已经沦为这些“不”综合征的受害者——一种消极的目标设定模式。这些“不”是可以自我实现的，因为你的大脑会对这些（预设）画面做出回应。

[10]斯坦福大学进行的一项研究显示，大脑中的图像会以与实际在做某事一样的方式激发神经系统。这就意味着当一位高尔夫球手告诉自己“不要把球打到水里”时，他的大脑中产生的是球飞进水里的图像。所以猜猜球会往哪里去吧。

[11]因此，在去往任何一个充满压力的环境之前，只须把注意力集中在你想要发生的事情上。我又问了这位律师她希望在第一次出席审判时表现得如何。这次她回答说：“我希望看起来非常专业而且胸有成竹。”我告诉她构建一个图像：胸有成竹是什么样的。对她而言，这意味着在法庭上自信地踱来踱去，使用令人信服的肢体语言，扩大音量，以便从法官席到后门的人都能听到她的声音。她还设想了一份表达熟练的结案陈词和胜诉。[12]在这种积极的压力排练后几周，这位年轻的律师真的胜诉了。

9.A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.

B) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.

C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.

D) They make careful preparations beforehand.

Q: What do some people do when they face a new situation?

A）他们努力避免一开始就把事情搞砸。

B）他们花太多时间做失败的预期。

C）他们把太多不相关的因素考虑在内。

D）他们提前做了精心的准备。

问：一些人在面对新情况时会做什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以they开头。

2. 三项含有消极意义的表述：on the wrong foot, too much, too many irrelevant factors。

结论：本题考查的内容与they有关，可能涉及they的做法或问题，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断they的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（avoid getting off on the wrong foot, anticipating their defeat, take too many irrelevant factors into account, make careful preparations beforehand）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是一些人在面对新情况时会怎么做。文章开头提到，当面对新形势时一些人往往会把大量时间花在做最坏的预期上来预想失败的场面。由此可知选项B正确。选项A涉及对短语get off on the wrong foot的理解，该短语的意思是“一开始就把事情弄糟，出师不利”。原文中并未提到人们避免出师不利的做法，所以A项不可选。另外两项短文中也未提及，故均不可选。

10. A) Mental images often interfere with athletes' performance.

B) Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.

C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.

D) A person's nervous system is more complicated than imagined.

Q: What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?

A）大脑中的图像经常干扰运动员的表现。

B）高尔夫球手通常有关于自己的积极的大脑图像。

C）想和做对神经系统有同样的效果。

D）人的神经系统比想象的更加复杂。

问：斯坦福大学进行的研究表明什么？

▶ 解题思路：两项含有mental images，两项含有nervous system。

结论：本题考查的内容与mental images或nervous system有关，可能涉及有关这两者的新发现，很可能是文章的某个细节，也可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意听关于两者的新发现的内容，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（interfere with, positive mental images, has the same effect, more complicated）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是斯坦福大学进行的研究表明什么。文章中间部分提到斯坦福大学进行的一项研究显示，大脑中的图像会以与实际在做某事一样的方式激发神经系统。由此可知选项C正确。thinking是对mental image的同义转述。其他选项短文中均未提及，故都不可选。

11. A) Anticipate possible problems.

B) Make a list of do's and don'ts.

C) Try to appear more professional.

D) Picture themselves succeeding.

Q: What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?

A）预测可能的问题。

B）把应该做的和不应该做的事情列一个清单。

C）努力显得更加专业。

D）想象他们自己成功的画面。

问：讲话者给处于压力中的人们提出了什么建议？

▶ 解题思路：四项都是动词短语。

结论：本题考查的内容很可能是某种做法、注意事项或建议，有可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应注意判断动作的发出者是谁，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（possible problems, do's and don'ts, more professional, succeeding）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是讲话者给处于压力中的人们什么建议。文章后半部分提到，在去任何一个充满压力的环境之前，只须把注意力集中在你想要发生的事上。这就是讲话者给处于压力中的人们提出的建议。换句话说，也就是建议人们想象他们自己成功的画面。因此选项D正确。

12.A) She won her first jury trial.

B) She won a designer dress.C) She presented moving pictures.

D) She did not speak loud enough.

Q: What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?

A）她在第一次陪审团审判中胜诉。

B）她赢得了一件名牌衣服。

C）她展示了感人的照片。

D）她讲话声音不够大。

问：关于这位律师在法庭上的表现，我们得知什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以she开头。

2. 三项含有表示积极意义的词（won, moving）。

结论：本题考查的内容是有关she的某种结果或某种做法，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（won her first jury trial, won a designer dress, presented moving pictures, did not speak loud enough）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是关于这位律师在法庭上的表现，我们得知什么。文章最后部分提到在这种积极的压力排练后几周，这位年轻的律师真的胜诉了。由此可知选项A正确。B、C两项文中都未提及，D项是对文中细节projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door的曲解，故这三项都不可选。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. [13]Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children's Hospital, finds it hard to get teenager patients' attention about healthy eating. But telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age, that's a powerful message.

[14]The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.

[15]The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That's why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day—men even more.

大多数美国人吃的水果、蔬菜或全谷类食物都不够多。[13]现在的研究认为，在青少年的饮食中增加纤维可以帮助降低患乳腺癌的风险。有关纤维的益处的讨论在养老院可能比在高中更常见。但是随之而来的一项新研究可能会改变这种情况。得克萨斯州儿童医院的食品专家克里斯蒂·金发现，让青少年病人对健康饮食引起重视很难。但是告诉他们在步入中年之前食用大量高纤维类食物可以降低患乳腺癌的风险，这是一条强有力的信息。

[14]这一新发现是基于对44000名女性的调查而来。她们被调查了高中时期的饮食情况，而且她们的饮食习惯被跟踪调查了20年。结果表明，那些在青少年时期摄入的纤维含量最高的女性，与摄入量最低的女性相比，患乳腺癌的风险更低。这项重要研究表明，在高中时期摄入的纤维越多，在晚年患乳腺癌的风险就越低。

[15]这一发现印证了长期存在的证据，即纤维可以降低女性荷尔蒙的循环水平，这可以对降低（患乳腺癌）的风险进行解释。从本质上来说就是，你吃的纤维越多，你体内的荷尔蒙水平可能就越低，因此，一生中患上乳腺癌的风险就越低。高纤维的饮食与降低患心脏病和糖尿病的风险也有关。这就是为什么要求女性每天摄取25克的纤维——男性甚至更多。

13. A)It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.

B) Its health benefits have been overestimated.

C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.

D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.

Q: What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?

A）它使糖尿病患者康复得更快。

B）它的健康益处被估计得过高。

C）它的长期效果还有待证实。

D）它帮助人们避免患上乳腺癌。

问：关于在青少年的饮食中增加纤维，这项新的研究告诉我们什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 两项以it开头，两项以its开头。

2. 两项含有某种疾病的名称。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是一个看法、一种观点或一个结论，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断it或its的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（recover, overestimated, proved, avoid developing）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是关于在青少年的饮食中增加纤维，这项新的研究告诉我们什么。文章开头部分提到，现在的研究认为，在青少年的饮食中增加纤维可以帮助降低患乳腺癌的风险。由此可知选项D正确。题目中的adding fiber to the teen diet属于原文重现（第一段第二句）。

14.A) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.

B) It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.

C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.

D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.

Q: What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?

A）它跟踪调查了她们自青春期以来的饮食习惯。

B）它专注于她们在纤维摄入上与男性的不同。

C）它跟踪调查了她们20年来饮食偏好的变化。

D）它专注于她们成年早期的生活方式。

问：关于对44000名女性的调查，我们得知什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以it开头。

2. 三项含有与饮食相关的描述：eating habits, fiber intake, food preferences。

结论：本题考查的内容与it产生的功效有关，而且这一功效可能与饮食相关，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断it的指代对象，以及it与饮食的关系，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（eating habits, fiber intake, food preferences, ways of life）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是关于对44000名女性的调查，我们得知什么。文章提到44000这个数字是在中间部分，该部分指出，这一新发现是基于对44000名女性的调查而来。她们被调查了高中时期的饮食情况，而且她们的饮食习惯被跟踪调查了20年。结果表明，那些在青少年时期摄入的纤维含量最高的女性，与摄入量最低的女性相比，患乳腺癌的风险更低。由此可知选项A正确。选项C是对原文“她们被调查了高中时期的饮食情况，而且她们的饮食习惯被跟踪调查了20年”的曲解。另外两项都不是对44000名女性的调查结果。

15. A) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.

B) Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.

C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.

D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.

Q: What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?

A）纤维给女性带来的好处要比给男性带来的好处多。

B）纤维可以改善心肌的功能。

C）纤维可以使血液循环更顺畅。

D）纤维可以有助于减少体内的荷尔蒙。

问：对于研究结果，讲话者提供了什么解释？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以Fiber may开头。

2. 三项含有与身体健康相关的术语：heart muscles，blood circulation，hormones。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是纤维的某种特点或作用，可能是一种看法或结论。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（bring more benefits, improve the function of heart muscles, make blood circulation more smooth, reduce hormones in the body）。

▶ 解析：题目问的是对于研究结果，讲话者提供了什么解释。文章后半部分提到，这一发现印证了长期存在的证据，即纤维可以降低女性荷尔蒙的循环水平，这可以对降低（患乳腺癌）的风险进行解释。从本质上来说就是，你吃的纤维越多，你体内的荷尔蒙水平可能就越低，因此，一生中患上乳腺癌的风险就越低。换句话说，纤维可能有助于减少体内的荷尔蒙。由此可知选项D正确。其他三个选项文中均未提及，故都不可选。

Section C

Recording One

听力原文&译文

[16]Well, my current research is really about consumer behaviour. So recently I've looked at young people's drinking and it's obviously a major concern to government at the moment. I've also looked at how older people are represented in the media. Again, it's of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society. I'm also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behaviour might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.

Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what's happening from the consumer's perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer's perspective. [17]For example, in the case of young people's drinking, one of the things that I've identified is that drinking for people—say between the ages of 18 and 24—is all about the social,activity.

A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we've tried to present there. The key thing about consumer behaviour is that it's very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing, so we have to look at what consumers are doing.

Currently I teach consumer behaviour to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behaviour and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising. So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behaviour aspects of it and getting involved, sometimes doing primary research. [18]For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there's a whole range of interesting research out there and I think, as the years go on, there's going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

[16]嗯，我现在的研究其实与消费者行为有关。所以，最近我研究了年轻人的饮酒行为，很明显这是政府目前重点关注的一个问题。我还研究了媒体是如何展现老年人形象的。加之，随着老年人口在英国甚至世界人口中所占的比例变得更大，这一问题也是（政府）当前的一个主要的兴趣点。我还对消费者的网上消费行为以及这种网上消费行为与他们去实体店现场消费的行为之间的区别感兴趣。

那么，我认为现在重要的是真正从消费者的角度出发来理解所发生的事。企业甚至政府机构常常没有做到的事情之一就是真正从消费者的角度看待发生的事情。[17]例如，就年轻人的饮酒行为来说，我能确认的一件事是对人们来说——比如年龄在18岁到24岁之间的人——饮酒行为完全是一种社会行为。

政府投放的很多广告都是宣扬个体责任的，但实际上，理解饮酒行为更多的是一种社会行为并找到办法来帮助年轻人安全回家而不是最后躺在医院里，是我们一直努力想要展现的事情之一。有关消费者行为的关键一点是它在很大程度上与消费者如何改变有关。市场变化的速度总比营销变化的速度快，所以我们必须研究消费者的行为。

我现在教大二的学生与消费者行为相关的知识，我们研究消费者行为的各个方面，尤其是消费者在广告中的形象。所以他们（学生）通过研究广告，并且真正批判性地评价广告中的消费者行为来参与其中，有时还会做初步研究。[18]例如，去年我的学生们花了一周的时间来研究他们自己的消费行为，详细分析他们的购物行为以及他们与零售银行和手机供应商之间的关系。我认为，他们发现这很有用，这也帮助他们确定了自己的预算类型。事实上，学生对消费者行为做了全方位的有趣研究，我认为，随着时光流逝，会有更多的问题等着我们考虑，当然也会有更多的研究让学生参与进去。

16.A) Investigating the impact of media on government.

B) Studying the hazards of young people drinking.

C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.

D) Observing the changes in marketing.

Q: What is the speaker currently doing?

A）调查媒体对政府的影响。

B）研究年轻人饮酒的危害。

C）研究消费者行为。

D）观察市场营销的变化。

问：讲话者目前在做什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项都是动名词短语，说明本题考查某人正在做的某件事。听音时应把重点放在各选项的关键词（impact of media on government, hazards of young people drinking, research on consumer behaviour, changes in marketing）上。

▶ 解析：本题考查讲话者目前正在做的事情。讲话开头，讲话者就说：“我现在的研究其实与消费者行为有关。”接着后面介绍了他的研究对象和研究内容，故选C。选项A讲话中没有提及；讲话者说他研究年轻人的饮酒行为，而不是研究年轻人饮酒的危害，故排除选项B。讲话者之后提到，市场变化的速度总比营销变化的速度快，但他并非主要研究市场营销的变化，故排除选项D。

17. A) It is a chief concern of parents.

B) It is an act of socialising.

C) It is the cause of many street riots.

D) It is getting worse year by year.

Q: What has the speaker found about young people's drinking?

A）它是父母们主要担心的问题。

B）它是一种社交行为。

C）它是很多街头闹事活动的起因。

D）它正逐年变得越来越严重。

问：关于年轻人的饮酒行为，讲话者发现了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以it开头，三项含有表示消极意义的描述（concern, street riots, worse），说明本题可能考查某种消极行为。听音时需注意听清相关细节。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者对年轻人饮酒行为的研究结果。讲话者在简单介绍了自己的研究对象和研究内容后，首先介绍了对年轻人饮酒行为的发现：年轻人的饮酒行为完全是一种社会行为。选项B说法与此一致，故为答案。讲话者在讲话开头提到，年轻人的饮酒行为很明显是政府而非父母们目前重点关注的一个问题，故排除选项A。选项C和D讲话中没有提及，故也排除。

18.A)They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.

B) They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.

C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.

D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.

Q:What does the speaker say that his students did last year?

A）他们研究了手机对年轻人的影响。

B）他们花了一周的时间研究自己的消费行为。

C）他们对广告业进行了彻底的研究。

D）他们分析了自己这些年的家庭预算。

问：讲话者说他的学生们去年做了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以they开头，描述的都是过去发生的事，且都表示某种分析或研究。本题考查they在过去做的某些研究或分析，听音时需首先听清they的指代对象，然后根据选项内容做出判断。

▶ 解析：本题问讲话者说他的学生们在去年做了什么。在讲话最后，讲话者提到，他现在教大二的学生与消费者行为相关的知识，去年他的学生们花了一周的时间来研究他们自己的消费行为，选项B与此说法一致，故为答案。选项A讲话中没有提及；学生们研究消费者在广告中的形象，而不是对广告业进行彻底的研究，故排除选项C；学生对自己的消费行为进行研究可以帮助他们明确自己的预算，而不是他们分析自己的家庭预算，故选项D也排除。

Recording Two

听力原文&译文

[19]Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies. Banks can save a lot of money and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.

Claire Barrett, the editor of Financial Times: Money, says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Holder—the chief economist at The Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense? The fact that cash is being drawn out of society is less a feature of our everyday lives than the ease of electronic payments. Is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?

[20]Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago. She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need. She was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.

During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. [21]On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train carts were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.

“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,”Barrett says. “[22]My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they'd get paid and they'd immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we're all on credit cards. We're doing online purchases. And money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can't get our hands around.”

[19]瑞典是第一个印刷和使用纸币的欧洲国家，但可能很快会放弃使用实物货币。通过向免现金系统过渡，银行可以节省很多钱，还可以防止银行抢劫、盗窃和非法钱财。

《金融时报》财经专版的编辑克莱尔·巴雷特表示，西方国家正在朝无实物货币的世界发展。安迪·霍尔德——英格兰银行的首席经济学家——建议英国朝着使用政府支持的电子货币的方向发展。但是无纸质货币的社会真能带来好的经济效益吗？现金正从社会上消失这一事实，与其说是我们日常生活的特征，倒不如说是电子支付方式的便捷。这真的会让我们在意识不到的情况下多消费吗？

[20]巴雷特想查明实物货币的消失能否真的让人们多消费，所以几个月前，她决定做一项实验。她决定在两周内只用现金购买所有的必需品，看看这会对她的消费行为产生什么影响。她发现自己的确少花了很多钱，因为人们非常难预估自己未来需要多少现金。她一直从取款机里取钱。几个月之后，她仍然发现自己的裤兜和手提包袋里都塞满了钱。

在实验开展期间，巴雷特坐过一次火车。[21]在火车行驶途中，有公告说餐车当时不接受信用卡支付方式。火车车厢里充满了抱怨声，因为很多乘客旅行时都不带现金。

“这恰恰突出表明了在上一代人身上发生了很多变化。”巴雷特说。“[22]我的父母年轻的时候常常通过把钱放进信封里的方式来做预算——他们拿到薪水后会立即把现金分成几叠儿，然后把它们分别放在几个信封里，这样他们就知道接下来的每周必须要花多少钱。对他们来说，这是记录自己开销的一种非常有效的方式。如今，我们都使用信用卡。我们在网上购物。金钱在某种程度上变得不再那么具有实物性了，而是变成了一种我们没法用手触摸的更加虚拟的东西。”

19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.

B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.

C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.

D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.

Q: What do we learn about Sweden?

A）在不久的将来，它可能会放弃纸币。

B）它是世界上第一个使用信用卡的国家。

C）它正努力消除非法钱财。

D）它正帮助（瑞典）银行提高效率。

问：关于瑞典，我们了解到什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以it开头，且由选项B可知，it可能指某个国家。

2. 两项提到money，一项提到credit cards，一项提到banks，本题考查内容可能与货币形式、信用卡或银行有关。

▶ 解析：本题考查讲话者提到的关于瑞典的内容。讲话开头就提到，瑞典是第一个印刷和使用纸币的欧洲国家，但可能很快会放弃使用实物货币。选项A的说法是对此的同义转述，其中give up paper money对应原文中的do away with physical currencies，in the near future对应原文中的soon。其余三项讲话中均未提及。

20. A)Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.

B) Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.

C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.

D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.

Q:What did Claire Barrett want to find out with her experiment?

A）在没带实物货币的情况下旅行是否可行。

B）人们能否预测自己会花多少钱。

C）实物货币的消失是否会影响人们的日常生活。

D）实物货币的消失是否会促使一个人花更多的钱。

问：克莱尔·巴雷特想用她的实验来查明什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 四项都以whether开头，说明本题考查的是某种可能性，可能是某项实验或研究的结果。

2. 两项提到了the absence of physical currency，说明该实验或研究与实物货币的消失有关。

▶ 解析：本题考查克莱尔·巴雷特所做实验的目的。讲话者在中间部分提到，巴雷特想查明实物货币的消失能否真的让人们多消费，所以几个月前，她决定做一项实验。故选D。选项A和C讲话中没有提及；讲话中提到人们非常难预估未来需要多少现金，这是客观存在的事实，并非克莱尔·巴雷特的实验目的，故排除选项B。

21.A) The cash in her handbag was missing.

B) The service on the train was not good.

C) The restaurant car accepted cash only.

D) There was no food service on the train.

Q: What did Claire Barrett find on her train ride?

A）她手提包里的现金不见了。

B）火车上的服务不好。

C）餐车只接受现金支付。

D）火车上不提供餐饮服务。

问：克莱尔·巴雷特在乘火车旅行途中发现了什么？

▶ 解题思路：

1. 两项提到cash，两项提到service on the train，一项提到restaurant car，一项提到food。本题可能考查火车上的就餐服务，并且涉及其支付方式。

2. 四项描述的都是不好的事情。

▶ 解析：讲话中提到，克莱尔在乘坐火车旅行时被告知餐车不接受信用卡支付方式。也就是说，餐车只接受现金支付，故选C。A、B两项讲话中没有提及；讲话中说火车上的餐饮不能使用信用卡支付，并不是说火车上不提供餐饮服务，故排除D。

22. A) By drawing money week by week.

B) By putting money into envelopes.

C) By limiting their day-to-day spending.

D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.

Q: How did people of the last generation budget their spending?

A）通过每周都取钱。

B）通过把钱放进信封。

C）通过限制他们的日常开销。

D）通过拒绝赊账购买任何东西。

问：上一代人是如何对开销进行预算的？

▶ 解题思路：四项都以by开头，由此推断本题考查某类人做某事的方法。

▶ 解析：讲话中提到，巴雷特说，她父母年轻的时候常常通过把钱放进信封里的方式来做预算，故选B。用这种方式来做预算，他们就能知道接下来的每周必须要花多少钱，而不是说他们每周都取钱，故排除选项A；选项C和D都不是上一代人预算开销的方法，故排除。

Recording Three

听力原文&译文

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You'll be growing up in the generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what's really behind the arguments.

I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. [23]So let's start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don't have infrastructure to take the garbage away; they don't have secure water supplies to drink.

Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can't read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don't have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. [24]About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.

Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It's not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.

I see demography as a central subject related to economics. [25]It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.

你为什么考虑在大学学习人口统计学的课程？你将会是成长的一代人，而与此同时，婴儿潮一代人即将退休和死亡。你将面临前所未有的人口老龄化问题。你将听说越来越多的有关国家间以及农村和城市间的移民问题。作为一名公民、纳税人和选民，你需要理解那些论点背后真正的现实。

我想告诉你们有关人类的过去、现在和未来。[23]那么我们先从几个问题开始吧。目前，有10亿人口长期处于饥饿状态。这意味着他们会饿醒，饿一整天，然后饿着肚子去睡觉。10亿人口生活在贫民窟，这两类人不是同一批人，但也有一些重叠的部分。住在贫民窟意味着他们没有基础设施去清走垃圾；他们没有安全的饮用水供应。

将近10亿人是文盲。试着想象一下你是文盲的话生活会是什么样子。你看不懂超市里瓶子上的标签，如果你能去超市的话。三分之二的文盲是女性，大约2~2.15亿女性无法采取她们想要的避孕措施以控制自己的生育能力。这不仅仅是发展中国家存在的问题。[24]全球大约一半的怀孕是意外发生的。所以这些就是人口问题的例子。

人口统计学可以为你们提供理解和解决这些问题的工具。这不仅是对人口数量的研究，还是对非人类物种数量的研究，包括像流感这样的病毒、肠道内的细菌、你所食用的植物、你所喜爱或为你们提供肉类的动物。人口统计学还包括对非生物物体的研究，如灯泡、出租车和建筑物，因为这些也都与人口数量有关。它用定量数据和数学模型作为分析工具，研究这些过去、现在和将来的生物族群。

我把人口统计学看作是与经济学相关的一个中心议题。[25]这是介入现实世界更明智、更有效的手段，目的是不仅改善你们自己的福祉——尽管也许这很重要——而且也包括你周围的人以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种的福祉。

23. A) Population explosion.

B) Extinction of rare species.

C) Chronic hunger.

D) Environmental deterioration.

Q: What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?

A）人口爆炸。

B）稀有物种的灭绝。

C）长期的饥饿。

D）环境恶化。

问：讲话者在讲座中提到的问题之一是什么？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均为名词性短语，且描述的都是负面状况，可推测本题应该是考查目前存在的问题。听音时应重点关注相关信息。

▶ 解析：讲话者在引入话题之后说：“那么我们先从几个问题开始吧。目前，有10亿人口长期处于饥饿状态。”可知讲话者提出的第一个问题便是饥饿问题，因此本题选C项。讲座中提到了人口统计学研究的对象，提到了对人口数量的研究，但并没有说到人口爆炸问题，故排除A项。B和D两项讲座中也没有提及，可排除。

24.A) About half of them are unintended.

B) They contribute to overpopulation.

C) They have been brought under control.

D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.

Q: What does the speaker say about pregnancies?

A）其中大约一半是意外发生的。

B）它们造成了人口过剩。

C）它们已经得到控制。

D）其中多数往往在中途终止。

问：关于怀孕，讲话者说了什么？

▶ 解题思路：四项均为陈述句，各项的关键信息分别为：unintended, overpopulation, under control, end halfway。听音时应将重点放在与各个选项的关键信息相关的内容上。

▶ 解析：在提到第二个问题“文盲”时，讲话者说大约2~2.15亿女性无法采取避孕措施，大约一半的怀孕都是意外发生的。故本题选A项。其余三项讲座中均没有提及，都可排除。

25.A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates' attention.

B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.

C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.

D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.

Q: How does the speaker view the study of populations?

A）它开始吸引研究生的注意力。

B）它在许多发展中国家被忽视。

C）它即将成为跨学科研究的课题。

D）它对地球上所有物种的福祉来说是至关重要的。

问：讲话者是如何看待人口研究的？

▶ 解题思路：四个选项均以it作主语，各项的关键信息分别为：attract postgraduates' attention, neglected in...developing countries, subject of interdisciplinary research, wellbeing of all species on earth。听音时应首先确定it的指代对象，然后将重点放在与各个选项的关键信息相关的内容上。

▶ 解析：讲座最后提到，人口统计学是介入现实世界更明智、更有效的手段，不仅可以改善我们自己的福祉，还可以改善我们周围的人及地球上其他物种的福祉。因此，D项符合题意。其他三项讲座中均没有提及，故排除。