Word List 7

proliferation /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/

【释】n. 激增 (increase; rapid production)

【例】The past two years have seen the proliferation of TV channels.

stove /stoʊv/

【释】n. 火炉，灶台

apparatus /ˌæpəˈrætəs/

【释】n. 设备，仪器 (set of equipment)

【近】gear, appliance

void /vɔɪd/

【释】adj. 空的 (empty)

【近】vacuum

【释】adj. 无效的 (not valid)

【例】The original elections were declared void.

nurture /ˈnɜːrtʃər/

【释】v. 培育，养育

【例】The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.

【近】bring up, care for

【反】neglect

census /ˈsensəs/

【释】n. 人口普查 (a complete enumeration of a population)

【例】a thorough census of all the grizzly bears living within the national park

ditch /dɪtʃ/

【释】v. 抛弃 (get rid of)

【释】n. 沟 (a narrow channel used for drainage)

eternal /ɪˈtɜːrnl/

【释】adj. 永恒的 (lasting or existing forever)

【例】She has earned our eternal gratitude.

【近】everlasting, endless, immortal

【反】intermittent

blink /blɪŋk/

【释】v./n. 闪烁 (flash)

【例】Suddenly a warning light blinked.

【近】flicker

【释】v./n. 眨眼 (close and open eyes)

【例】It was all over in the blink of an eye.

【近】wink

empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/

【释】v. 授权 (give the authority or power to do something)

【例】The army is now empowered to operate on a shoot-to-kill basis.

【近】authorize, entitle

【反】forbid

unveil /ˌʌnˈveɪl/

【释】v. 揭幕；揭露 (remove a veil or covering from)

【例】In his statement, Brown unveiled a series of initiatives.

【近】reveal, present, display, show

diplomacy /dɪˈploʊməsi/

【释】n. 外交 (the profession of managing inter-national relations)

ample /ˈæmpl/

【释】adj. 丰富的 (adequate)

【例】They had ample money for the trip.

【近】sufficient, adequate

【反】insufficient, meager

【释】adj. 宽敞的 (quite large)

【例】There was room for an ample garden.

formidable /ˈfɔːrmɪdəbl/

【释】adj. 强大的 (very powerful or strong)

【例】The mountains were a formidable barrier.

【释】adj. 可怕的；令人敬畏的 (causing fear, dread, or apprehension)

【例】a formidable prospect

【近】disturbing, awesome, arduous

solitary /ˈsɑːləteri/

【释】adj. 孤独的 (alone)

【例】lead a solitary life

【反】sociable, accessible

parasite /ˈpærəsaɪt/

【释】n. 寄生虫

definitive /dɪˈfɪnətɪv/

【释】adj. 决定性的 (providing a firm conclusion that cannot be questioned)

【例】There is no definitive test as yet for the condition.

【近】conclusive, final, unconditional, absolute

【释】adj. 最佳的 (thought to be the best of its kind)

【例】His An Orkney Tapestry is still the definitive book on the islands.

stereo /ˈsterioʊ/

【释】n. 立体声(音响)

【近】sound system

enlist /ɪnˈlɪst/

【释】v. (使)入伍 (enroll or be enrolled in the armed services)

【例】He was enlisted into the US Navy.

【近】recruit

prototype /ˈproʊtətaɪp/

【释】n. 原型；样板

【例】Designers have built a working prototype of the car.

【近】original, model

excerpt /ˈeksɜːrpt/

【释】n./v. 摘录 (a short extract from a film, broad-cast, or piece of music or writing)

【例】The readings you heard earlier were excerpted from a new oral history of Pearl Harbor.

【近】extract, clip, part

collision /kəˈlɪʒn/

【释】n. 碰撞 (an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each other)

【例】Stewart was injured in a collision with another player.

【近】crash, smash

【释】n. 冲突 (conflict)

【例】In his work we see the collision of two different traditions.

quarterback /ˈkwɔːrtərbæk/

【释】n./v. (在橄榄球中担任)四分卫

exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/

【释】n. 开发，开采 (the use of land, oil, minerals, etc.)

【例】exploitation of natural resources

【近】utilization

【形】exploit

commute /kəˈmjuːt/

【释】v. 通勤 (travel some distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis)

【例】She commutes from Oxford to London every day.

【释】v. 代替，交换

【例】The judge commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment.

【近】convert, transmute

【形】commuter

autonomous /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/

【释】adj. 自主的 (independent)

【例】Teachers aim to help children become autonomous learners.

【近】sovereign

【形】autonomy

transit /ˈtrænzɪt/

【释】n. 运输 (the carrying of people, goods, or materials from one place to another)

【例】the goods damaged in transit

erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/

【释】v. 爆发 ( (of a volcano) become active and eject lava, ash, and gases)

【例】Ash began to erupt from the crater.

【形】eruption

liberate /ˈlɪbəreɪt/

【释】【释】v. 放 (set free)

【反】imprison

【形】liberation, liberator

contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

【释】v. 污染 (make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease)

【例】The wound was contaminated by bacteria.

【近】pollute, corrupt, taint, infect

【反】purify

【形】contamination

defy /dɪˈfaɪ/

【反】【释】v. 抗 (openly resist or refuse to obey)

【例】The commander defied a direct order to surrender.

【近】disobey, disregard

【反】obey

gasp /ɡæsp/

【释】v. 喘气 (take a quick deep breath with mouth open)

【例】He gasped as the freezing water hit his body.

【近】breath, pant

narrator /nəˈreɪtər/

【释】n. 叙述者 (a person who narrates something)

【近】commentator

duplicate /ˈduːplɪkeɪt/

【释】v./n. 复制(品) (make a copy)

【例】I had a duplicate key made.

【近】facsimile, replica, reproduction

【形】duplication

pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/

【释】n. 行人 (a person traveling on foot)

【例】a pedestrian street

【释】adj. 平庸乏味的 (not interesting or unusual)

【近】dull

【反】absorbing, engaging

theatrical /θiˈætrɪkl/

【释】adj. 戏剧性的，夸张的 (of or relating to the theater)

applaud /əˈplɔːd/

【释】v. 鼓掌；喝彩 (show approval by clapping hands)

【近】clap, acclaim

【释】v. 赞扬 (praise)

【例】I applaud your decision.

【近】commend

【反】criticize

harness /ˈhɑːrnɪs/

【释】v. 利用 (use the force or strength of sth. to produce power or to achieve sth.)

【例】harness the computer’s potential

【近】exploit, utilize

【释】n. 马具；保护带

nun /nʌn/

【释】n. 修女

descendant /dɪˈsendənt/

【释】n. 后裔；子孙

【例】Many people in this area are descendants of German immigrants.

【近】offspring, family, seed

【反】ancestor

dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔːr/

【释】n. 恐龙

expel /ɪkˈspel/

【释】v. 驱逐 (force out or eject)

【例】That academic was expelled from the country yesterday.

【近】exile

submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/

【释】adj. 海底的

【例】submarine plants

【释】n. 潜水艇

foam /foʊm/

【释】n. 泡沫

【例】sea foam

【释】v. 起泡沫

erode /ɪˈroʊd/

【释】v. 腐蚀，侵蚀 (gradually destroy)

【例】Crashing waves have eroded the cliffs along the beach.

【近】corrode, dissolve

【形】erosion

gravel /ˈɡrævl/

【释】n. 碎石，砂砾 (small pieces of rock)

【近】grit, shingle

mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/

【释】v. 模仿 (imitate)

【形】mimicry

thriller /ˈθrɪlər/

【释】n. 使人毛骨悚然的东西

【例】Dial M for Murder is a great thriller.

veil /veɪl/

【释】n. 面纱

【例】She raised/lowered her veil.

【释】v. 遮掩；掩饰 (cover with or as if with a veil)

【例】Dense haze veiled the bridge.

【近】cover, screen

cripple /ˈkrɪpl/

【释】v. 削弱 (cause great damage to (something))

【例】Higher taxes could cripple small busine-sses.

【释】v. 使跛；使残废 (damage somebody’s body so that they are no longer able to walk or move normally)

【例】He was crippled by polio as a child.

【近】disable, paralyze, immobilize, lame

【释】n. 瘸子

【例】He returned from war a cripple.

spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 宽敞的

【例】The hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room.

【近】capacious, commodious

【反】confined, circumscribed

swamp /swɑːmp/

【释】n. 沼泽 (a bog or mar)

【近】marsh

【用】be swamped with=be overwhelmed with

stark /stɑːrk/

【释】adj. 完全的 (complete; sheer)

【例】In the suburbs the spacious houses stand in stark contrast to the slums of the city’s poor.

【释】adj. 荒凉的；朴实无华的 (desolate and bare)

【例】The landscape was grey and stark.

dismantle /dɪsˈmæntl/

【释】v. 拆除 (take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces)

【例】The mechanic dismantled the engine to repair it.

【近】break up

【反】assemble, build

enlighten /ɪnˈlaɪtn/

【释】v. 启迪；阐明

【例】Please enlighten us about the latest development.

【近】inform, clarify

【形】enlightened, enlightenment

cramp /kræmp/

【释】n. 痉挛

【释】v. 束缚，限制 (restrain from free expression)

【例】The new regulations may cramp the company’s financial growth.

【近】impede, inhibit

【释】adj. 难解的 (hard to understand or figure out)

【例】cramp handwriting

【形】cramped

fume /fjuːm/

【释】n. 气体 (gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale)

potent /ˈpoʊtnt/

【释】adj. 强有力的 (powerful, effective)

【例】a potent argument

bleak /bliːk/

【释】adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的 (not warm, friendly, cheerful, etc.)

【例】It was a dark and bleak wintry day.

【近】bare, desolate, stark, desert

【释】adj. 黯淡的，无希望的 (not hopeful or encouraging)

【例】a bleak future

【反】promising

overtake /ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/

【释】v. 超过 (catch up with and pass)

【例】Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel.

【近】exceed, surpass

archaeologist /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒɪst/

【释】n. 考古学家

compartment /kəmˈpɑːrtmənt/

【释】n. 车厢；隔间

【例】a first class compartment

【近】section, chamber

trademark /ˈtreɪdmɑːrk/

【释】n. 商标；特征

【近】brand, sign, mark

moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

【释】n. 水汽

fertile /ˈfɜːrtl/

【释】adj. 肥沃的 (producing or capable of produ-cing abundant vegetation or crops)

【近】fecund, productive

【反】barren

【形】fertility

sovereign /ˈsɑːvrən/

【释】n. 君主 (the person with the highest power in a country)

【例】In March 1889, she became the first British sovereign to set foot on Spanish soil.

【近】ruler, monarch

【释】adj. 具有独立主权的 ( (of a country or state) free to govern itself)

【例】a sovereign state

congestion /kənˈdʒestʃən/

【释】n. 堵塞 (excessive crowding)

odor /ˈoʊdər/

【释】n. 气味 (a distinctive smell)

【近】aroma, scent

freight /freɪt/

【释】n. 货物 (goods)

【近】cargo

blossom /ˈblɑːsəm/

【释】v. 开花；兴旺 (flourish; thrive)

【例】The cherry trees blossomed early this year.

【近】bloom

【反】fade, wither

stationary /ˈsteɪʃəneri/

【释】n. 静止不动的 (not moving)

【例】The traffic got slower and slower until it was stationary.

【近】static, motionless, immobile, still

discern /dɪˈsɜːrn/

【释】v. 辨别 (discriminate)

【例】You need a long series of data to be able to discern such a trend.

【近】identify

prevalent /ˈprevələnt/

【释】adj. 流行的 (widespread)

【近】popular

【反】rare

shepherd /ˈʃepərd/

【释】n. 牧羊人

【释】v. 引领；指导 (guide)

【近】usher, steer

compress /kəmˈpres/

【释】v. 压缩 (condense)

【例】As more snow fell, the bottom layer was compressed into ice.

【近】squash, condense

【形】compressor

tangle /ˈtæŋɡl/

【释】v./n. 缠结 (become twisted)

【例】Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.

【近】twist, knot, coil

humiliate /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/

【释】v. 羞辱 (do something which makes sb. feel ashamed or stupid)

【例】I didn’t want to humiliate her in front of her colleagues.

【形】humiliation

advent /ˈædvent/

【释】n. 到来，出现 (arrival)

【例】Since the advent of these tools, their use has evolved.

【近】emergence, occurrence

bustle /ˈbʌsl/

【释】v. 喧闹；忙乱 (move or go in a busy or hurried way)

【例】She bustled around the kitchen getting ready for dinner guests.

【释】n. 喧闹 (noisy, energetic activity)

【例】the hustle and bustle of the big city

intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/

【释】n. 亲密 (familiarity)

【例】Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters.

novelty /ˈnɑːvlti/

【释】n. 新奇，新颖 (the quality of being new, original, or unusual)

【例】The novelty of these toys soon wore off and the children became bored with them.

【近】originality, difference, innovation

【形】novel

categorize /ˈkætəɡəraɪz/

【释】v. 分类 (put into a category)

【例】The publish concept provides a flexible method to categorize alerts by topic.

【近】classify

recur /rɪˈkɜːr/

【释】v. 反复出现 (repeat)

【例】Once the drugs are stopped, however, symptoms typically recur.

【形】recurrence

hamper /ˈhæmpər/

【释】v. 阻碍 (hinder or impede)

【例】The bad weather hampered rescue operations.

【近】block, hinder, impede

comprehend /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend/

【释】v. 理解 (understand)

【例】The infinite distances of space are too great for the human mind to comprehend.

【近】grasp

【形】comprehension

prosperous /ˈprɑːspərəs/

【释】adj. 繁荣的 (successful or thriving)

【例】a prosperous country

【近】successful, strong, vigorous, profitable

【反】poor

【形】prosperity

resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/

【释】n. 相似 (likeness)

alienate /ˈeɪliəneɪt/

【释】v.使疏远，离间 (make (someone) unfriendly)

【例】He alienated most of his colleagues with his bad temper.

【近】isolate

【形】alienation

autobiography /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

【释】n. 自传 (the biography of a person narrated by himself or herself)

【例】He published his autobiography last autumn.

frost /frɔːst/

【释】n. 霜冻

equate /iˈkweɪt/

【释】v. 使等同；相同

【例】He equates criticism with treachery.

【近】identify, correspond, equalize

dispense /dɪˈspens/

【释】v. 分发 (distribute)

crust /krʌst/

【释】n. 地壳

【释】n. 坚硬外皮 (a hard outer covering)

【例】a crust of snow

【近】layer, cover, coat, sheet

indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/

【释】adj. 漠不关心的 (lacking interest or sympathy)

【例】It’s easy to be indifferent to money when you’ve never been poor.

【释】adj. 很一般的 (not very good)

【例】Everyone got a prize, whether they were good, bad or indifferent.

【近】casual, bored, ordinary, average, pedestrian

【反】brilliant

【形】indifference

clan /klæn/

【释】n. 宗族 (a group of close-knit and interrelated families)

coral /ˈkɔːrəl/

【释】n. 珊瑚

solidarity /ˌsɑːlɪˈdærəti/

【释】n. 团结一致 (unity and agreement resulting from shared interests)

【例】The lecturers joined the protest march to show solidarity with their students.

【近】unanimity, unity, agreement, accord

culminate /ˈkʌlmɪneɪt/

【释】v. 达到顶点 (reach the final result)

【例】They had an argument, which culminated in Tom getting drunk.

【近】head, peak, up to, end with

【用】culminate in sth. 获得某种结局

【形】culmination

drastic /ˈdræstɪk/

【释】adj. 剧烈的 (extreme in a way that has a sudden or violent effect on something)

【近】severe, radical

【反】moderate

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/

【释】n. 灭绝

【例】We may live to see the extinction of the whale.

【近】extermination